C_HANADEV_18 Sample Questions Answers

The SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit is a web-based administration tool that allows you to manage the XS Advanced runtime environment, such as organizations, spaces, applications, services, and users. The XS Advanced Cockpit provides a graphical user interface that is similar to the SAP Cloud Platform Cockpit, to provide a consistent user experience in cloud and on-premise. The XS Advanced Cockpit is available for SAP HANA 2.0 SPS03 and later releases, and it replaces the deprecated XS Advanced Administration Tools.

One of the activities that you can perform on an application in the XS Advanced Cockpit is to monitor the applications assigned to the current space. A space is a logical grouping of applications and services that share a common development and runtime environment. Each space belongs to an organization, which is a collection of users and spaces that share a common quota of resources. You can use the XS Advanced Cockpit to view the list of applications deployed in a particular space, and see their status, instances, memory usage, disk usage, and bound services. You can also filter, sort, and search the applications by name, status, or type. You can also drill down into the details of each application, such as logs, events, environment variables, routes, and service bindings.

Another activity that you can perform on an application in the XS Advanced Cockpit is to start, stop, and restart the applications. You can use the XS Advanced Cockpit to control the lifecycle of the applications deployed in a space, such as starting an application that is stopped, stopping an application that is running, or restarting an application that is experiencing issues. You can also scale the applications by changing the number of instances or the memory and disk quota allocated to each instance. You can also delete the applications that are no longer needed.

The other options are incorrect because they are not activities that you can perform on an application in the XS Advanced Cockpit. You cannot deploy applications to SAP Cloud Platform from the XS Advanced Cockpit, as the XS Advanced Cockpit is only for managing the XS Advanced runtime environment on SAP HANA. To deploy applications to SAP Cloud Platform, you need to use the SAP Cloud Platform Cockpit or the Cloud Foundry Command Line Interface (CF CLI). You also cannot display the HDI container content from the XS Advanced Cockpit, as the HDI container is a database object that is not directly related to the application. To display the HDI container content, you need to use the SAP HANA Database Explorer or the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 2
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 4
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 5

The APPLY_FILTER function is a SQLScript function that applies a filter condition to a table variable and returns a new table variable with the filtered rows. The APPLY_FILTER function supports the following parameters12:

• Filter condition: A mandatory parameter that specifies the filter condition as a string literal or a string expression. The filter condition must follow the syntax of the WHERE clause in SQL, and it can use column names, literals, operators, and functions. For example, APPLY_FILTER(:table_var, ‘price > 100 and category = ‘‘A’’’).
• Table variable: A mandatory parameter that specifies the table variable to which the filter condition is applied. The table variable must be a local or input parameter of the SQLScript procedure or function that calls the APPLY_FILTER function. For example, APPLY_FILTER(:table_var, :filter_cond).

The other options are not correct because they are not parameters of the APPLY_FILTER function. A join condition is a parameter of the APPLY_FILTER_JOIN function, which applies a filter condition to two table variables and returns a new table variable with the joined and filtered rows. An entity set is a parameter of the APPLY_FILTER_ENTITY function, which applies a filter condition to an entity set and returns a new entity set with the filtered rows. These functions are part of the SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL), and they are not part of the SQLScript language3. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, SQLScript Guide, SQLScript Functions, APPLY_FILTER
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Developing Database Modules, Developing SQLScript Procedures and Functions, Using APPLY_FILTER
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL), Reference Guide, PAL SQLScript Functions, APPLY_FILTER_JOIN, APPLY_FILTER_ENTITY

The Technical Configuration section of a Core Data Services (CDS) entity allows you to define properties that affect the physical storage and performance of the entity in the database. You can define the following properties inside the Technical Configuration section1:

• Index: You can create one or more indexes on the entity to improve the query performance. You can specify the index name, the columns to be indexed, and the index type (such as unique, full-text, or spatial)2.
• Storage Type: You can specify the storage type of the entity, such as column store or row store, to optimize the data access and compression. You can also specify the partitioning mode and criteria for the entity, such as hash, range, or round-robin3.

The other two options, Import and Association, are not properties that can be defined inside the Technical Configuration section. Import is a keyword that allows you to import another CDS entity or a database table into the current CDS entity, and use its columns as part of the projection list4. Association is a keyword that allows you to create a relationship between two CDS entities, and use the associated entity’s columns as part of the projection list or the join condition. References: 1: Technical Configuration | SAP Help Portal 2: Index Definition | SAP Help Portal 3: Storage Type | SAP Help Portal 4: Import | SAP Help Portal : [Association | SAP Help Portal]

To create a multi-target application that will use XSJS, you need to create a Node.js module type in your application project. XSJS is a scripting language that allows you to implement server-side logic and access SAP HANA database features using JavaScript syntax. XSJS is supported by the Node.js runtime of the SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, which provides the necessary libraries and services to execute XSJS code. You can use the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA to create a Node.js module and add XSJS files to it. The other options are not correct because:

• A. Java is not the module type you need to create for XSJS, as XSJS is not a Java-based language. Java is a module type that allows you to implement Java applications using the Java runtime of the SAP HANA XS Advanced Model.
• B. SAP HANA database is not the module type you need to create for XSJS, as XSJS is not a database object. SAP HANA database is a module type that allows you to create database artifacts, such as tables, views, procedures, and functions, using the SAP HANA deployment infrastructure (HDI).
• D. HTML5 is not the module type you need to create for XSJS, as XSJS is not a web page. HTML5 is a module type that allows you to create static web content, such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files, using the HTML5 application repository service.

References:

• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 5, Section 5.6
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 5, Section 5.7
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 5, Section 5.8
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 5, Section 5.9

You can use Commit and Rollback statements in SQL Script procedures to control the transactional behavior of your code. Commit and Rollback statements allow you to commit or undo the changes made by the SQL statements within the procedure. You can also use them in exception handlers to handle errors and ensure data consistency. You cannot use Commit and Rollback statements in scalar user-defined functions, table user-defined functions, or scripted calculation views, as they are not allowed to have any side effects on the database. References: COMMIT and ROLLBACK, SQLScript Procedures, [SQLScript Functions].

The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA is a web-based development tool that allows you to create and manage multi-target applications (MTAs) that use the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI). HDI is a service layer that enables you to deploy database development artifacts to HDI containers, which are isolated schemas that represent runtime objects. Some of the operations that you can perform in the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA are:

• Deploy HTML5 modules to the SAP HANA database: HTML5 modules are web applications that run on the XS advanced runtime and can access HDI containers via service bindings. You can create, edit, test, and deploy HTML5 modules from the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA using the MTA development perspective and the build and run commands. You can also use the HTML5 module template wizard to generate a basic HTML5 module with the required configuration files and dependencies.
• Configure the artifact namespaces: Artifact namespaces are prefixes that are added to the names of the database artifacts that are deployed to the HDI containers. They help to avoid name conflicts and to organize the artifacts in a logical way. You can configure the artifact namespaces in the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA by editing the .hdiconfig file in the db module of your MTA project. You can also use the namespace template wizard to generate a .hdiconfig file with a default namespace.

The following operations are not possible or not recommended in the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA:

• Create objects in the SAP HANA repository: The SAP HANA repository is a legacy feature that was used to store and manage design-time artifacts in SAP HANA 1.0. It has been deprecated since SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 02 and replaced by HDI. Therefore, you should not create objects in the SAP HANA repository, but rather use HDI containers and the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA to develop and deploy database artifacts.
• Choose the supported SAP HANA versions: The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA does not allow you to choose the supported SAP HANA versions for your MTA project. The supported SAP HANA versions depend on the HDI version and the SAP HANA Cloud Platform, which are determined by the target environment where you deploy your MTA project. You can check the compatibility of the HDI version and the SAP HANA Cloud Platform in the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, pp. 101-106.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 4: Developing HTML5 Applications, Section 4.1: Developing HTML5 Applications Using SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, pp. 77-82.

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, declarative logic in SQL Script is a way of expressing complex data transformations by means of classical relational operators, such as selection, projection, join, aggregation, etc. Declarative logic does not specify how data is processed, but rather what the desired result is. The SAP HANA database has the freedom to optimize the data flow and execution plan, which may result in better performance. Declarative logic is free of side effects, meaning that it does not modify any data or state outside the scope of the statement. Declarative logic declares the flow of data, meaning that it binds new variables that are referenced elsewhere in the body of the procedure or function. The other options are incorrect, because:

• Declarative logic does not support the full set of SQL Script, but only a subset of SQL features that are side-effect free and deterministic. For example, declarative logic does not support imperative constructs, such as loops, conditions, exceptions, etc.
• Declarative logic does not define how data is processed, but rather what the desired result is. How data is processed is determined by the SAP HANA database optimizer, which may choose different execution plans depending on the data characteristics, system resources, and other factors.

References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

 The application descriptor file (xs-app.json) is a JSON file that defines the routing and authentication configuration for an HTML5 module in a multi-target application (MTA) project. It is located in the root folder of the HTML5 module and is used by the managed application router to dispatch requests to the appropriate destinations and to authenticate users. Some of the key words that are contained in the xs-app.json file are:

• routes: This is an array of objects that specify the rules for forwarding requests to the back-end microservices or destinations. Each route object has a source property that defines a regular expression to match the request path, and a destination property that defines the name of the destination to which the request should be forwarded. Optionally, a route object can also have other properties, such as authentication, csrfProtection, service, or scope, to further configure the routing behavior.
• authenticationMethod: This is a property that defines the authentication method to be used for the HTML5 module. It can have one of the following values: route, which means that the authentication method is defined by the route configuration; none, which means that no authentication is required; or approuter, which means that the authentication is delegated to the approuter service. The authenticationMethod property can be set at the global level for the entire HTML5 module, or at the route level for a specific route.

The following key words are not contained in the xs-app.json file, but in other files related to the MTA project:

• role-templates: This is an array of objects that define the roles and their corresponding scopes and attributes for the application. The role-templates are defined in the xs-security.json file, which is the application security descriptor file that specifies the security configuration for the application. The xs-security.json file is located in the root folder of the db module and is used by the User Account and Authentication (UAA) service to manage the authorization and trust management for the application.
• tenant-mode: This is a property that defines the tenant mode for the application. It can have one of the following values: dedicated, which means that the application runs in a dedicated schema for each tenant; shared, which means that the application runs in a shared schema for all tenants; or mixed, which means that the application runs in a mixed mode depending on the tenant context. The tenant-mode property is defined in the mta.yaml file, which is the deployment descriptor file that specifies the metadata and dependencies for the MTA project. The mta.yaml file is located in the root folder of the MTA project and is used by the Cloud Foundry environment to deploy the application.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.2: Configure Application Routing (xs-app.json), pp. 101-104.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 4: Developing HTML5 Applications, Section 4.1: Developing HTML5 Applications Using SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 4.1.3: Configure Application Routing (xs-app.json), pp. 77-80.

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, XSODATA supports the following HTTP commands to define the operations on the resources:

• DGET: Retrieves a single entity or a collection of entities from the data source.
• DPUT: Updates an existing entity in the data source.
• POST: Creates a new entity in the data source.
• DELETE: Deletes an existing entity from the data source.

The READ and INSERT commands are not valid HTTP commands for XSODATA. They are keywords that can be used in the service definition file (.xsodata) to specify the access mode for each entity set. References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111

The index.html file is the entry point of the UI5 application. It contains the following elements:

• Framework Reference: This element specifies the location of the UI5 resources, such as libraries, themes, and controls. It can be done by using the data-sap-ui-resourceroots attribute or the sap.ui.localResources() function.
• Bootstrap: This element initializes the UI5 framework and loads the required libraries and components. It can be done by using the script tag with the src attribute pointing to the sap-ui-core.js file and the data-sap-ui-xx attributes to configure the bootstrap parameters.
• Backend Connection: This element is optional and depends on the application logic. It can be used to establish a connection to the backend system, such as an OData service, by using the data-sap-ui-bindingSyntax attribute or the sap.ui.model.odata.v2.ODataModel() constructor.
• UI-Area: This element defines the HTML element where the UI5 content will be rendered. It can be done by using the data-sap-ui-oninit attribute or the sap.ui.getCore().attachInit() function to register a callback function that creates and places the UI5 root component or view.

References:

• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Application Development for SAP HANA1, Section 5.1.1, p. 131-132
• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Developing Web Apps with SAPUI52, Section 2.1, p. 17-20
• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Developing Web Apps with SAPUI52, Section 3.1, p. 37-40
• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Developing Web Apps with SAPUI52, Section 4.1, p. 59-62
• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Developing Web Apps with SAPUI52, Section 5.1, p. 81-84

According to the SAP HANA Performance Guide for Developers1, the SQL Analyzer tool can help you understand and analyze the execution plan of a SQL statement, and identify potential bottlenecks and optimizations. Some of the possible optimizations are:

• Modify SQL hints: SQL hints are directives that you can add to a SQL statement to influence the behavior of the SQL optimizer. For example, you can use hints to specify a join type, a join order, a join condition, a table distribution, or a parallel degree. SQL hints can help you improve the performance of a query by overriding the default choices of the optimizer, or by providing additional information that the optimizer cannot infer from the data or statistics. However, SQL hints should be used with caution, as they can also have negative effects if they are not compatible with the data characteristics or the system configuration. Therefore, you should always test the impact of SQL hints on the query execution time and resource consumption, and compare the results with the original query without hints. You can use the SQL Analyzer tool to view the effect of SQL hints on the execution plan, and modify them accordingly. For more information on SQL hints, see [SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference].
• Change the data model: The data model is the logical representation of the data and the relationships among them. The data model can have a significant impact on the performance of a query, as it determines how the data is stored, accessed, and processed by the database. A well-designed data model can reduce the complexity and cost of a query, and enable the use of efficient operators and algorithms. On the other hand, a poorly-designed data model can lead to redundant or inconsistent data, unnecessary joins or aggregations, or suboptimal access paths. Therefore, you should always review the data model and consider changing it if it does not meet the requirements of the query or the application. For example, you can use different types of views, such as calculation views, analytical views, or attribute views, to model the data according to the business logic and the analytical needs. You can also use different types of tables, such as column tables, row tables, or partitioned tables, to store the data according to the access patterns and the distribution strategies. You can use the SQL Analyzer tool to view the data model of the query, and identify the possible changes that can improve the performance. For more information on data modeling, see [SAP HANA Modeling Guide].

References: 1: SAP HANA Performance Guide for Developers : SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference : SAP HANA Modeling Guide

Property projection is an OData capability that allows you to restrict the number or selection of exposed columns in an OData service. Property projection is achieved by using the $select query option, which specifies a subset of properties to be included in the response. The $select query option can be applied to a single entity, a collection of entities, or a complex type. Property projection can be used to reduce the payload size and improve the performance of the OData service.

For example, suppose you have an OData service that exposes a Products entity set with the following properties: ID, Name, Category, Price, and Description. If you want to restrict the number or selection of exposed columns to only ID and Name, you can use the $select query option as follows:

GET /Products?$select=ID,Name

The result is:

{ “@odata.context”: “$metadata#Products(ID,Name)”, “value”: [ { “ID”: 1, “Name”: “Laptop” }, { “ID”: 2, “Name”: “Mouse” }, { “ID”: 3, “Name”: “Keyboard” } ] }

The following OData capabilities are not used to restrict the number or selection of exposed columns, but for other purposes:

• Parameter entity sets: Parameter entity sets are a way to define entity sets that require one or more parameters to be specified in the request. Parameter entity sets can be used to implement function imports or actions that return a collection of entities. Parameter entity sets can also be used to filter or sort the results based on the parameters.
• Aggregation: Aggregation is a way to apply aggregate functions, such as sum, count, min, max, or average, to the properties of an entity set or a complex type. Aggregation can be used to perform calculations or analysis on the data. Aggregation is achieved by using the $apply query option, which specifies a transformation pipeline with various operators, such as groupby, aggregate, filter, or order by.
• Key specification: Key specification is a way to define the key properties of an entity type, which uniquely identify an entity instance within an entity set. Key specification is part of the entity type definition in the metadata document of the OData service. Key specification can be used to retrieve a single entity by its key values.

References:

• [OData Version 4.0 Part 2: URL Conventions], Section 5.1.1: System Query Option $select, pp. 10-11.
• [OData Version 4.0 Part 3: Common Schema Definition Language (CSDL)], Section 13: Entity Model, Subsection 13.2: Entity Sets, pp. 88-89.

The UI rendering is executed on the front-end client device, such as a browser or a mobile device, that accesses the SAP HANA application. SAPUI5 is a JavaScript-based UI framework that enables the development of responsive and user-friendly web applications. SAPUI5 applications run in the browser and communicate with the back-end server via RESTful services, such as OData. The SAPUI5 HTML5 module is a component of the multi-target application (MTA) that contains the UI logic and resources, such as views, controllers, models, and libraries. The SAPUI5 HTML5 module is deployed to the XS advanced application server, which serves the static UI files to the front-end client device. The SAP Fiori front-end server is a separate component that provides the SAP Fiori launchpad, a single entry point for SAP Fiori apps, and the SAP Fiori UI components, such as controls, themes, and icons. The SAP Fiori front-end server is not required for SAP HANA native applications, but it can be used to integrate them with other SAP Fiori apps123. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, Developing Applications with SAP HANA Cloud Platform, Developing Multi-Target Applications, Developing HTML5 Modules
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model, Developing and Deploying Applications, Developing HTML5 Applications
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model, Developing and Deploying Applications, Developing SAP Fiori Applications

An HTML5 module is a module that contains static web content, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or images, that are delivered by a web server. An HTML5 module can be part of a multi-target application (MTA) project, which is a single application that consists of multiple modules that are developed using different technologies and designed to run on different target runtime environments. An HTML5 module can be deployed to the XS Advanced runtime environment, which is a platform that supports the development and execution of cloud-native applications on SAP HANA.

To change the file that is initially delivered by an HTML5 module, you need to adapt the welcome file parameter of the xs-app.json file. The xs-app.json file is a configuration file that defines the routing rules and authentication settings for the HTML5 module. The welcome file parameter specifies the name of the file that is served as the default document when the root path of the HTML5 module is requested. For example, if the welcome file parameter is set to “index.html”, then the file index.html in the HTML5 module will be delivered when the user accesses the URL of the HTML5 module without any additional path. The welcome file parameter can be changed to any valid file name that exists in the HTML5 module.

The other options are incorrect because they are not parameters that can be used to change the file that is initially delivered by an HTML5 module. The service_url parameter of the mta.xml file is a parameter that defines the URL of a service that is required by a module or provided by a resource in an MTA project. The start parameter of the package.json file is a parameter that defines the script that is executed when the npm start command is run in a Node.js module. The runners parameter of the project.json file is a parameter that defines the configuration of the runners that are used to execute the code in a Cloud Foundry module. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 1.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 1.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.2
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.4
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.5
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.6
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.7
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.8
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.9

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, a multi join is a join that can be defined only with multi-column join in calculation views. A multi join allows you to join multiple data sources using multiple join conditions. You can specify the join type, the join cardinality, and the join columns for each pair of data sources. A multi join is useful when you need to join data sources that have complex relationships or different granularities. The other options are incorrect, because:

• A dynamic join is a join that can be defined with either single-column join or multi-column join in calculation views. A dynamic join allows you to join two data sources using a join condition that is evaluated at run time based on the user input. You can specify the join type, the join cardinality, and the join columns as parameters or variables.
• A text join is a join that can be defined with either single-column join or multi-column join in calculation views. A text join allows you to join a data source with a text table that contains language-dependent descriptions of the data. You can specify the join type, the join cardinality, and the join columns as well as the language column and the language code.
• A temporal join is a join that can be defined with either single-column join or multi-column join in calculation views. A temporal join allows you to join a data source with a history table that contains time-dependent versions of the data. You can specify the join type, the join cardinality, and the join columns as well as the validity columns and the validity period.

References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

To set up unit testing for your SQL Script procedure, you use a library with language SQLSCRIPT TEST. A library with language SQLSCRIPT TEST is a special type of library that contains SQL Script test cases for testing the behavior and performance of SQL Script procedures. A SQL Script test case is a SQL Script procedure that has the prefix TEST_ and that uses the ASSERT and EXPECT statements to verify the expected results and outputs of the procedure under test. A library with language SQLSCRIPT TEST can be created in the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA or in the SAP HANA Studio, and can be executed by using the SQL Script Test Framework, which is a tool that runs the test cases and generates a test report.

The following options are not used to set up unit testing for your SQL Script procedure, but for other purposes:

• SQL Script logging procedures: SQL Script logging procedures are procedures that use the APPLY_FILTER and APPLY_AGGREGATION statements to perform logging operations on table variables or cursors. SQL Script logging procedures can be used to monitor and analyze the execution of SQL Script procedures, but not to test their correctness or functionality.
• The SQL Script debugger: The SQL Script debugger is a tool that allows you to debug SQL Script procedures by setting breakpoints, inspecting variables, and stepping through the code. The SQL Script debugger can be used to identify and fix errors or bugs in SQL Script procedures, but not to verify their expected results or outputs.
• The SQL Script Code Analyzer: The SQL Script Code Analyzer is a tool that analyzes SQL Script code and provides suggestions and recommendations for improving its quality, performance, and maintainability. The SQL Script Code Analyzer can be used to optimize and refactor SQL Script code, but not to test its behavior or functionality.

References:

• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Chapter 6: SQLScript Test Framework, pp. 153-158.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 7: Developing SQLScript Procedures, Section 7.4: Testing SQLScript Procedures, pp. 137-140.

 The SAP HANA system views that contain information about the object ownership are SCHEMAS and ROLES. The SCHEMAS view provides information about the schemas in the database, including the owner of each schema1. The ROLES view provides information about the roles in the database, including the owner of each role2. The object ownership indicates who has the right to grant or revoke privileges on the object, or to alter or drop the object3.

The other two options, TABLES and OBJECTS, do not contain information about the object ownership. The TABLES view provides information about the tables in the database, but not the owner of each table4. The OBJECTS view provides information about the objects in the database, such as views, procedures, functions, etc., but not the owner of each object5. References: 1: SCHEMAS System View | SAP Help Portal 2: ROLES System View | SAP Help Portal 3: Object Ownership | SAP Help Portal 4: TABLES System View | SAP Help Portal 5: OBJECTS System View | SAP Help Portal

 The XS command line is a tool that allows you to administer and manage the XS advanced runtime environment and the applications deployed on it. You can run the XS command line from the local operating system shell of your machine, as long as you have installed the XS CLI client package and added the bin folder to the PATH environment variable1. You can also run the XS command line from the SAP HANA system, where the XS advanced runtime is installed, by logging in as user XSA_ADMIN or adm2.

The other options, SAP HANA studio, SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, and SAP HANA cockpit, are not tools that can run the XS command line. SAP HANA studio is an Eclipse-based tool that allows you to develop, model, and administer SAP HANA databases and applications, but it does not support XS advanced features3. SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA is a web-based tool that allows you to develop, test, and deploy SAP HANA applications using XS advanced features, but it does not provide a command line interface4. SAP HANA cockpit is a web-based tool that allows you to monitor and manage SAP HANA databases and applications, but it does not provide a command line interface either5. References: 1: Installing XS CLI Client | SAP Tutorials 2: XS Advanced Administration: Getting The XS CLI | SAP Blogs 3: SAP HANA Studio | SAP Help Portal 4: SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA | SAP Help Portal 5: SAP HANA Cockpit | SAP Help Portal

The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA graphical editor for Core Data Services (CDS) data models allows you to specify the following elements12:

• Entity: An entity is a CDS artifact that defines a data structure with attributes, keys, and associations. An entity can be mapped to a database table or view, or it can be used as a source for another entity or a calculation view. You can create an entity by dragging the entity icon from the palette to the canvas, and then defining its properties and attributes in the properties panel.
• Context: A context is a CDS artifact that defines a namespace for other CDS artifacts, such as entities, views, types, or associations. A context can be used to organize and group related CDS artifacts, and to avoid name conflicts. You can create a context by dragging the context icon from the palette to the canvas, and then defining its name and description in the properties panel. You can also add other CDS artifacts to the context by dragging them from the project explorer or the palette to the context node in the canvas.
• Association: An association is a CDS artifact that defines a relationship between two entities, based on a join condition. An association can be used to navigate from one entity to another, and to filter, aggregate, or project data from the target entity. You can create an association by dragging the association icon from the palette to the canvas, and then connecting it to the source and target entities. You can also define the cardinality, join condition, and exposed attributes of the association in the properties panel.

The other options are not correct because they are not elements that can be specified with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA graphical editor for CDS data models. A synonym is a database object that provides an alternative name for another database object, such as a table, view, or procedure. A synonym is not a CDS artifact, and it cannot be created or edited with the graphical editor. A procedure is a database object that contains a set of SQL statements that perform a specific task. A procedure can be created or edited with the SQL editor, but not with the graphical editor. A procedure can also be exposed as a CDS artifact, but it cannot be specified with the graphical editor. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Modeling Guide for SAP HANA Web Workbench, Core Data Services
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Developing Core Data Services Models, Using the Graphical Editor

 To consume a Node.js service in an SAPUI5 application, you need to define the variable for the exposed service in the requires section of the HTML5 module in the mta.xml file. This way, you can specify the dependency of the SAPUI5 application on the Node.js service and bind them together. The requires section allows you to reference a resource or a module that provides a service or a capability that your module needs. You can also define additional properties and parameters for the required element, such as the name of the variable that holds the service URL. References: The MTA Development Descriptor, The MTA Deployment Descriptor, Developing Multi-Target Applications

 According to the SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, the following statements can be used when implementing transaction management logic in SQLScript using savepoints:

• Savepoint: Creates a savepoint with a specified name within the current transaction. A savepoint marks a point in the transaction that can be rolled back to without affecting the rest of the transaction. For example, SAVEPOINT sp1;
• Rollback to savepoint: Rolls back the current transaction to the specified savepoint. All changes made after the savepoint are undone, but the transaction remains active. For example, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp1;
• Release savepoint: Releases the specified savepoint and all subsequent savepoints. The released savepoints are no longer valid and cannot be rolled back to. For example, RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp1;

The other options are incorrect, because:

• Reverse savepoint is not a valid statement in SQLScript. There is no such statement in the SAP HANA SQLScript Reference.
• Alter system savepoint is not a statement that can be used in SQLScript, but a statement that can be used in SQL. It triggers a savepoint operation for the entire database system, not for a specific transaction. It is used for administrative purposes, such as backup and recovery, not for transaction management logic.

References: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA is a web-based development tool that allows you to create and manage multi-target applications (MTAs) that use the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI). The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA is itself an XS advanced application that runs on the XS advanced runtime and can be accessed via a URL. To retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you can use the following XS advanced tools:

• XS advanced Controller Start Screen: This is a web-based tool that provides an overview of the XS advanced environment and the available applications and services. You can access the XS advanced Controller Start Screen by opening the URL https://:330/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the XS advanced Controller Start Screen, you can see the list of applications and their URLs under the Applications tab. You can find the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application by its name (webide) and click on its URL to open it in a new tab.
• XS Advanced command-line client tool: This is a command-line tool that allows you to perform various operations on the XS advanced environment and the applications and services. You can access the XS Advanced command-line client tool by opening a terminal and entering the command xs. To retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you need to first log in to the XS advanced environment by entering the command xs login and providing your credentials. Then, you need to switch to the SAP space by entering the command xs target -s SAP, where the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application is deployed. Finally, you need to list the applications and their URLs by entering the command xs apps. You can find the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application by its name (webide) and copy its URL to open it in a browser.

The following tools are not used to retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, but for other purposes:

• Runtime tool: This is a web-based tool that allows you to monitor and manage the runtime components of the XS advanced environment, such as applications, services, processes, and logs. You can access the Runtime tool by opening the URL https://:332/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the Runtime tool, you can see the status and details of the applications and services, but not their URLs.
• Organization and Space Management tool: This is a web-based tool that allows you to create and manage the organizational units of the XS advanced environment, such as organizations and spaces. You can access the Organization and Space Management tool by opening the URL https://:331/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the Organization and Space Management tool, you can see the list of organizations and spaces and their quotas and roles, but not the applications and their URLs.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.1: Create a Project, p. 101.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 2: Getting Started with SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Section 2.1: Creating a Project, p. 17.

To complete the navigation definition from the customer entity set to the corresponding sales orders, you need to insert an association statement between the two entity sets. An association defines a relationship between two entity sets based on a referential constraint, which specifies the foreign key and the principal key properties that link the entity sets. An association also defines the cardinality and the role names of the entity sets involved in the relationship1. In this case, the association statement should look something like this:

association Customer_Orders with referential constraint principal customer key CustomerID dependent Orders key CustomerID multiplicity “1” to “*”;

This statement defines an association named Customer_Orders that relates the customer entity set with the Orders entity set based on the CustomerID property. The principal role is assigned to the customer entity set, which means that each customer entity can have zero or more related Orders entities. The dependent role is assigned to the Orders entity set, which means that each Orders entity must have exactly one related customer entity2.

The other options are not correct because:

• Aggregation: This is a feature of calculation views that allows you to define measures and attributes for analytical queries. It is not related to OData service definitions3.
• Key specification: This is a clause that you use to define the key properties of an entity type in an OData service definition. It is not used to define navigation between entity sets1.
• Join condition: This is a clause that you use to specify how to join two tables or views in a SQL statement. It is not used to define navigation between entity sets4.

References: 1: OData Service Definition Language Syntax (XS Advanced) 2: OData Service-Definition Examples 3: Creating Calculation Views 4: SQL Reference Manual

To initially load data from a .csv file into a Core Data Services (CDS) table in SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (XS advanced), you need to create a file with extension .hdbti, which stands for HDB Table Import. This file defines the configuration and mapping for importing data from a local or remote file into a table in the HDI container. You can specify the source file name, location, format, delimiter, header, encoding, etc., as well as the target table name, schema, and column mapping. You can also specify whether to truncate the target table before importing, or to append the data to the existing table. You can use the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA to create and deploy the .hdbti file, or use the HDI deployer CLI tool. The other options are incorrect because they are not the correct file types for importing data into a CDS table. A file with extension .hdbtabledata is a file that contains the data for a table in a JSON format, but it is not used for importing data from a .csv file. A file with extension .hdbtable is a file that defines the structure and properties of a table, but it does not contain any data. A file with extension .hdbdd is a file that defines the CDS entities, such as contexts, types, views, associations, etc., but it does not import any data. References:

• Importing Data into Tables - SAP Help Portal
• Creating Table Import Configuration Files - SAP Help Portal
• HDI Deployer CLI Tool - SAP Help Portal
• [HA300 - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 Modeling] - SAP Training

When you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you must specify the project name and the template. The project name is a unique identifier for your project that is used to create the folder structure and the deployment descriptor file (mta.yaml) for your project. The template is a predefined set of files and configurations that provide the basic structure and functionality for your project. You can choose from various templates, such as SAP HANA Database Project, SAP Cloud Platform Business Application, SAP Fiori Freestyle Project, and more, depending on your development scenario and requirements.

The following information is not required or not applicable when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA:

• SAP HANA database version: This information is not required when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, as the SAP HANA database version is determined by the target environment where you deploy your project. The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA supports multiple SAP HANA versions, such as SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 04, SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 05, and SAP HANA Cloud. You can check the compatibility of the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA and the SAP HANA database versions in the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference.
• Namespace: This information is not applicable when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, as the namespace is a concept that is used to organize the design-time artifacts in the SAP HANA repository, which is a legacy feature that has been deprecated since SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 02. Instead of using the SAP HANA repository, you should use the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI) to deploy your database artifacts to HDI containers, which are isolated schemas that represent runtime objects. You can configure the artifact namespaces for your HDI containers by editing the .hdiconfig file in the db module of your project.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.1: Create a Project, pp. 101-102.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 2: Getting Started with SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Section 2.1: Creating a Project, pp. 17-19.