CRT-450 Sample Questions Answers

Declarative customizations are the ones that can be done using the point-and-click tools provided by Salesforce, such as Process Builder, Flow Builder, Lightning App Builder, etc. Code customizations are the ones that require writing Apex, Visualforce, or Lightning Web Components. Some of the benefits of using declarative customizations over code are:

• Declarative customizations automatically update with each Salesforce release. This means that whenever Salesforce improves or adds a new feature to its declarative tools, the existing customizations will be compatible and take advantage of the enhancement without any additional effort from the developer1.
• Declarative customizations generally require less maintenance. This is because declarative customizations are easier to create, modify, and debug than code customizations. They also do not require writing test classes or deploying to different environments, which can save time and resources2.

The other two options are not true benefits of declarative customizations over code:

• Declarative customizations do not automatically generate test classes. Test classes are only required for code customizations, and they have to be written manually by the developer. Test classes are used to ensure the quality and functionality of the code, and to meet the code coverage requirement for deployment3.
• Declarative customizations can still generate run time errors. Run time errors are the ones that occur when the application is running, and they can be caused by various factors, such as invalid data, logic errors, or system limits. Declarative customizations are not immune to run time errors, and they have to be handled properly by the developer using error handling techniques.

References:

• Clicks Not Code: Benefits of Declarative Vs. Imperative Programming - Salesforce)
• When to Click Instead of Write Code - Salesforce Developers)
• Apex Testing - Salesforce Developers)
• Error Handling in Flows - Salesforce Help)

To communicate from a child component to a parent component, the best option is to create a custom event in the child component and dispatch it to the parent component. The parent component can then listen for the event and handle it accordingly. For example, the child component can create a custom event called navigate and pass the page reference as a detail. The parent component can then use a handler to catch the event and use the navigation service to navigate to the next page.

Option A is incorrect because firing a notification is not a reliable way to communicate between components, as it depends on the user’s settings and preferences. Option B is incorrect because updating a property on the parent component requires the child component to have access to the parent’s property, which violates the principle of component encapsulation and modularity. Option C is incorrect because calling a method in the Apex controller is not necessary for navigation purposes, and it would introduce an extra server round-trip and potential performance issues.

References: Communicate with Events | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide, Basic Navigation | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide, Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Lightning Web Components

 The code snippet uses the ternary operator in Apex, which is a shorthand way of writing an if-else statement. The syntax is condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false. The condition is evaluated first, and then either the value_if_true or the value_if_false is returned, depending on the result of the condition. In this case, the condition is a > b, which is false, since a is 1 and b is 2. Therefore, the value_if_false is returned, which is a, which is 1. Hence, the value of x is 1. References:

• Apex Basics for .NET Developers, page 9
• [Apex Developer Guide], section “Ternary Operator”

An Apex REST class is a custom class that defines methods that can be invoked via HTTP requests. The developer can use the @RestResource annotation to expose the class as a REST resource, and use the @HttpGet, @HttpPost, @HttpPut, or @HttpDelete annotations to define the methods that correspond to the HTTP verbs. The developer can also use the RestContext class to access the request and response information, such as the parameters, headers, and body. An Apex REST class can be used to integrate with an external order management system by sending and receiving JSON or XML data, and parsing and serializing it using the built-in Apex methods. The developer can then use the flow:callApex action in the flow to invoke the Apex REST class and pass the data to the screen element. An Apex REST class is different from the other options listed, as they are not suitable for this requirement. An Apex controller is a class that provides logic and data for a Visualforce page or a Lightning component, not a flow. An outbound message is a message that is sent from Salesforce to an external system when a workflow rule is triggered, not when a flow is executed. An invocable method is a method that is annotated with @InvocableMethod and can be called from a process, a flow, or a REST API, but it cannot make HTTP requests to an external system. References:

• Apex REST Methods from the Apex Developer Guide
• Call Apex from Flow from the Salesforce Help
• Integrate with External Systems Using Apex REST Services from the Salesforce Trailhead

Lightning Data Service is the preferred (and easiest) way to work with Salesforce data. With Lightning Data Service, developers use JavaScript to connect components to Salesforce data1. Lightning Data Service also provides security by making server calls to secure User Interface API endpoints2. Lightning Data Service respects the sharing rules and field-level security of the current user, so developers do not need to write any additional code to enforce them3. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant for Lightning Data Service. References:

• Lightning Security | Secure Coding Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Considerations | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Use Lightning Data Service to Work with Data Unit | Salesforce

The Lightning Component framework is a UI framework for developing Lightning components for mobile and desktop devices. Lightning web components and Aura components can coexist and interoperate on a page1. The framework provides developers with prebuilt components that can be reused, such as buttons, cards, carousels, etc2. The framework also provides templates to create custom components that follow the best practices and standards of web development3. The framework does not extend the governor limits for applications, nor does it support Classic UI. It only supports Lightning Experience, Experience Builder Sites, Salesforce Mobile App, Lightning Out, and Standalone Lightning App2.

References:

• Introducing Aura Components | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Components - Salesforce Lightning Component Library - Salesforce Developers
• Review the Lightning Component Framework Unit | Salesforce … - Trailhead

 The best technology to create a custom user interface component that allows users to enter and validate information about their accounts is Lightning Web Components. Lightning Web Components are reusable HTML elements that use modern JavaScript and web standards to create fast and efficient user interfaces on the Lightning Platform. Lightning Web Components can leverage the Lightning Data Service to access and manipulate Salesforce data, and use the Lightning Design System to ensure a consistent look and feel. Lightning Web Components can also use Apex methods, wire adapters, and wire functions to perform complex logic and validations on the user input before saving it to the database. Flow is a declarative tool that allows users to automate business processes and guide users through screens, but it is not a technology to create custom user interface components. Visualforce is a framework that allows developers to create custom web pages and components using a tag-based markup language and Apex controllers, but it is not as fast, efficient, or modern as Lightning Web Components. VUE JavaScript framework is an external framework that can be used to create reactive user interfaces, but it is not a native Salesforce technology and it requires additional configuration and integration to work with Salesforce data and services. References:

• Lightning Web Components (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Build Lightning Web Components (Trailhead Trail)
• Flow Basics (Trailhead Module)
• Visualforce Basics (Trailhead Module)
• VUE JavaScript Framework (Official Website)

The test method fails in the sandbox test framework because it relies on existing data in the sandbox, which may not be consistent or available for the test execution. The Apex test framework uses a separate test data context that is rolled back after the test execution, so any data that is queried or inserted by the test method must be created within the test method or by using the @testSetup annotation. The Execute Anonymous window, on the other hand, runs the Apex logic in the current user context and can access the existing data in the sandbox. Therefore, the Apex logic may succeed in the Execute Anonymous window but fail in the test framework. References:

• Apex Testing (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers) (Salesforce Ben)

 A trigger may fire multiple times during a transaction because of the order of execution of different automation tools in Salesforce. According to the documentation, the order of execution is as follows:

• Executes all before triggers.
• Saves the record to the database, but doesn’t commit yet.
• Executes all after triggers.
• Executes assignment rules.
• Executes auto-response rules.
• Executes workflow rules.
• If there are workflow field updates, updates the record again.
• If the record was updated with workflow field updates, fires before update triggers and after update triggers one more time (and only one more time), in addition to standard validations. Custom validation rules, duplicate rules, and escalation rules are not run again.
• Executes processes and flows launched via processes and flow trigger workflow actions. When a process or flow executes a DML operation, the affected record goes through the save procedure.
• Executes escalation rules.
• Executes entitlement rules.
• If the record contains a roll-up summary field or is part of a cross-object workflow, performs calculations and updates the roll-up summary field in the parent record. Parent record goes through save procedure.
• If the parent record is updated, and a grandparent record contains a roll-up summary field or is part of a cross-object workflow, performs calculations and updates the roll-up summary field in the grandparent record. Grandparent record goes through save procedure.
• Executes Criteria Based Sharing evaluation.
• Commits all DML operations to the database.
• Executes post-commit logic, such as sending email.

As you can see, there are several steps that can cause the record to go through the save procedure again, which will fire the triggers again. Therefore, the developer should consider this possibility and write the trigger code accordingly to avoid unwanted side effects or recursion. For example, the developer can use static variables to track the trigger invocation or use bulkified patterns to handle collections of records efficiently.

References:

• 1: Order of Execution (Apex Developer Guide)

 The two scenarios that require an Apex method to be called imperatively from a Lightning web component are:

• Calling a method that makes a web service callout: A web service callout is a request that is sent from Salesforce to an external service, such as a REST or SOAP API1. Web service callouts are subject to limits and restrictions, such as the maximum number of callouts per transaction, the maximum response size, and the requirement to use asynchronous execution for long-running callouts1. Therefore, to control when the callout occurs and handle the response or errors, it is recommended to call the Apex method that makes the callout imperatively from the Lightning web component2.
• Calling a method that is not annotated with cacheable=true: The cacheable=true annotation on an Apex method indicates that the method can be cached and reused by the Lightning Data Service, which is a layer of the Lightning web component framework that manages data and metadata3. This annotation improves the performance and user experience of the Lightning web component, as it reduces the number of server round trips and network latency3. However, not all Apex methods can or should be annotated with cacheable=true, such as methods that perform DML operations, return different results for different users, or depend on the current state of the database3. In such cases, the Apex method should be called imperatively from the Lightning web component to ensure the data is fresh and consistent2.

References:

• 1: Callouts | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Call Apex Methods Imperatively | Work with Salesforce Data | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: Call Apex Methods | Work with Salesforce Data | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

 Importing data using the Data Loader and the Bulk API causes a before trigger to fire by default for Accounts. A before trigger is a type of trigger that executes before a record is saved to the database. A before trigger can be used to validate or modify the record values before they are inserted or updated1. When using the Data Loader or the Bulk API to import data, the before trigger will run for each batch of records that are processed2.

The other options are not correct because:

• Renaming or replacing picklist values does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it does not affect the record values directly. However, it may affect the validation rules or formulas that reference the picklist values3.
• Converting Leads to Contact accounts does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it is a special operation that bypasses the standard trigger execution order. Instead, the LeadConvert class can be used to override the default lead conversion process and invoke custom logic.
• Updating addresses using the Mass Address update tool does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it is a tool that allows users to update address fields on multiple records at once. However, it may cause an after trigger to fire, as it updates the records in the database.

References:

• 1: Triggers and Order of Execution
• 2: Bulk API Developer Guide
• 3: Rename or Replace Picklist Values
• : Apex Developer Guide: LeadConvert Class
• : Mass Update Addresses

A developer can execute tests in an org using different methods, depending on the context and the tools available. The Tooling API1 allows developers to run tests programmatically by making REST or SOAP calls. The Setup Menu2 provides a user interface for running tests in the Salesforce org. Salesforce DX3 is a command-line tool that enables developers to create, test, and deploy applications using scratch orgs, which are temporary and customizable orgs for development and testing purposes. References: 1: Tooling API | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://cloudely.com/salesforce-interview-questions-with-answers/),  2: Run Unit Tests | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://www.exam4training.com/what-are-three-ways-for-a-developer-to-execute-tests-in-an-org-choose-3/),  3: Salesforce DX | Salesforce Developers(https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/types-of-software-testing/)

Aura Component-based development is a framework for creating Lightning web components, which are the building blocks of modern Salesforce applications. Lightning web components are self-contained and reusable units of an application, which means they can be composed together to create complex user interfaces. They also benefit from a rich component ecosystem, which includes standard components provided by Salesforce, custom components created by developers, and third-party components available on AppExchange. These advantages make Aura Component-based development more flexible, modular, and efficient than Visualforce, which is an older framework based on HTML, JavaScript, and Apex. See Aura Components Basics1 and Lightning Web Components Basics2 for more details. References: 1: Aura Components Basics | Trailhead(https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26685/what-is-mvc-and-what-are-the-advantages-of-it),  2: Lightning Web Components Basics | Trailhead(https://www.marks4sure.com/pdi-platform-developer-i-questions.html)

Custom exceptions in Apex are user-defined exception classes that can have their own member variables, methods, constructors, and interfaces. They must extend the system Exception class and have a class name that ends with “Exception”. They cannot extend other classes besides the Exception class. Custom exceptions enable more detailed error messages and custom error handling in catch blocks. They can also be rethrown as inner exceptions to preserve the stack trace information.

References:

• Create Custom Exceptions | Apex Developer Guide
• Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions | Apex Reference Guide
• Handling Exceptions in Apex: Creating and Using Custom Exceptions
• Custom Or User-Defined Exception In Apex | Salesforce Developer Tutorials
• Using custom exception types | Mastering Apex Programming

The correct answers are option C and option D. Lightning Web Components are self-contained and reusable units of an application that follow web standards and can leverage modern web features. They also benefit from a rich component ecosystem that includes standard components, custom components, and third-party components. Visualforce, on the other hand, is a legacy framework that relies on server-side rendering and proprietary markup. It does not offer the same level of modularity, performance, and interoperability as Lightning Web Components. References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation and learning materials available on Trailhead. Specifically, it aligns with the objectives outlined in Lightning Web Components Basics, where the benefits and features of Lightning Web Components are discussed. Lightning Web Components Basics

A SOQL query can return a list of sObjects, a list of primitive data types, or a list of lists of primitive data types. A list is a collection of elements of the same data type. An sObject is a generic abstract type that corresponds to any Salesforce object, such as Account, Contact, or custom objects. A primitive data type is a basic data type, such as String, Boolean, Integer, Double, Date, or DateTime. A long is not a valid data type in Apex or SOQL, and an integer is a subtype of double, so they are not distinct return types for a SOQL query. References: Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL), SOQL SELECT Syntax

Unit tests are methods that verify whether a particular piece of code is working properly. Unit tests can be run synchronously or asynchronously, and can be used to test Apex classes, triggers, and Visualforce controllers. Unit tests can also use system methods to set or override certain system properties, such as the current user, the current time, or the created date of a record. These methods are useful for testing different scenarios or behaviors that depend on these properties. For example, a unit test can use the System.runAs() method to execute a block of code as a different user, or the System.Test.setCreatedDate() method to set the created date of an sObject to a past or future date. See Testing Apex1 for more details. References: 1: Testing Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://stackoverflow.com/questions/767567/what-to-test-in-unit-testing-a-method-or-a-scenario)

The correct answers are C and D because they are the minimum requirements for deploying Apex code from a sandbox to production. According to the Salesforce documentation1, “To deploy Apex or package it for the AppExchange, at least 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully.” Additionally, “Every test method must use the System.assert methods to verify that the expected behavior occurs.” The other options are incorrect because they are not mandatory for deployment, but rather best practices or recommendations. Deploying during business hours may not be feasible or desirable for some organizations, depending on their availability and change management processes. Having at least one line of test coverage for each trigger is not enough to ensure code quality and functionality, and may not meet the 75% code coverage requirement. References:

• Apex Testing
• Deploy Apex
• Trailhead: Apex Testing

The number of times a trigger can fire depends on the number of records that are processed and the number of DML operations that are performed. Some operations can cause the trigger to fire multiple times, either by updating the same records or by updating related records. These operations include:

• Process Flows: A process flow is a declarative tool that can automate complex business processes by executing actions based on criteria. A process flow can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again1.
• Workflow Rules: A workflow rule is a declarative tool that can automate tasks and field updates based on criteria. A workflow rule can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again2.
• Roll-Up Summary fields: A roll-up summary field is a custom field that aggregates child record information into a parent record. A roll-up summary field can update the parent record when a child record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, which can cause the trigger to fire again3.

The other options do not affect the number of times a trigger can fire. Criteria-based sharing calculations and email messages do not update records or cause DML operations. References:

• Process Automation | Salesforce Help
• Workflow Rules | Salesforce Help
• Roll-Up Summary Fields | Salesforce Help

Declarative development is the process of configuring and customizing the Salesforce platform using its built-in tools, such as the setup menu, without writing any code. Declarative development has the following advantages over programmatic customization, which involves writing custom code using Apex, Visualforce, or other languages:

• Declarative development can be done by anyone who knows how to use the Salesforce user interface, without requiring any programming knowledge or skills. Programmatic customization requires a skilled developer who knows how to write, test, and debug code.
• Declarative development does not require Apex test classes, which are mandatory for deploying any custom code to production. Apex test classes are used to verify the functionality and quality of the code, and to ensure that it meets the code coverage requirement of at least 75%. Declarative development does not have this requirement, as the platform automatically validates the configuration and customization.
• Declarative development is faster and easier to implement, as it involves clicking and dragging components, setting properties, and defining rules. Programmatic customization is more time-consuming and complex, as it involves writing lines of code, using development tools, and following coding standards and best practices.

However, declarative development also has some limitations and disadvantages compared to programmatic customization, such as:

• Declarative development has lower design limits and query limits than programmatic customization. Design limits are the maximum number of components, fields, objects, rules, etc. that can be used in a Salesforce org. Query limits are the maximum number of records that can be retrieved or manipulated in a single transaction. Programmatic customization can bypass some of these limits by using techniques such as dynamic SOQL, batch Apex, or asynchronous Apex.
• Declarative development has less flexibility and control over the functionality and user interface than programmatic customization. Programmatic customization can create custom logic, automation, integration, and user interface that are not possible or supported by the declarative tools. For example, programmatic customization can use Apex triggers to execute logic before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, while declarative development can only use workflow rules or process builder to execute logic after a record is created or updated.
• Declarative development can become difficult to maintain and troubleshoot as the complexity and number of components, rules, and dependencies increase. Programmatic customization can be more organized and modular, as it can use classes, methods, variables, comments, and annotations to structure and document the code.

Therefore, the best practice is to use a combination of declarative and programmatic development, depending on the use case and the requirements. The general rule of thumb is to use declarative development whenever possible, and use programmatic customization only when necessary or when it provides significant benefits.

References:

• Programmatic vs Declarative: Are Clicks Better Than Code?
• Clicks Not Code: Benefits of Declarative Vs. Imperative Programming
• Review Developer Fundamentals Unit

The correct definition of a Lightning Web Component property that uses the getAccounts method is option C. In Salesforce, the @wire decorator is used to read data from one of the wire adapters built into Lightning Web Components or create a JavaScript property in a Lightning web component. The property is then provisioned with data, error, or both. A provisioned property has a specific shape—data and error properties—designed for working with wire services.

In this case, @wire(getAccounts, { searchTern: '$searchTern' }) accountList; is the correct syntax where:

• getAccounts is the Apex method.
• { searchTern: '$searchTern' } are parameters passed to the Apex method.
• accountList is the JavaScript property that gets assigned the data returned by getAccounts.

References: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide

The best technique to streamline the data upload is to update the primaryid__c field definition to mark it as an External Id. An external ID is a custom field that has the “External ID” attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce. When you select this option, the field becomes searchable in Salesforce and you can use it to integrate with external systems and import data more efficiently1. By marking the primaryid__c field as an external ID, the developer can use it to match the records in the CSV file with the existing records in the candidate_c object, without creating duplicates or errors2.

References:

• 1: Create an External ID Field
• 2: Import Data with External IDs

• Validation Rules. This is true because validation rules are a declarative way of enforcing data quality and business logic on the Salesforce objects. Validation rules can prevent users from saving records that do not meet certain criteria, such as required fields, unique values, or custom formulas1.
• Record-Triggered Flow. This is true because record-triggered flows are a declarative way of automating business processes and logic on the Salesforce objects. Record-triggered flows can perform actions such as creating, updating, or deleting records, sending emails, or calling Apex classes when a record is created, updated, or deleted2.
• Remote Actions. This is false because remote actions are a programmatic way of invoking Apex methods from Visualforce pages or Lightning components. Remote actions require writing Apex code and using the @RemoteAction annotation to expose the methods to the client-side3.
• Batch Jobs. This is false because batch jobs are a programmatic way of processing large sets of data or records in batches using Apex. Batch jobs require writing Apex code and implementing the Database.Batchable interface to define the start, execute, and finish methods of the job.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Remote Actions
• : Batch Jobs

The Lead Source field is a standard picklist field that indicates the source of the lead, such as web, phone inquiry, partner referral, and others1. The Lead Source field is related to the contact, account, and opportunity Source fields, and the value can be inherited from one field to the next as a lead progresses through the funnel2. To ensure that a user populates the Lead Source field prior to converting a lead, the best option is to use a validation rule. A validation rule is a formula that evaluates the data in one or more fields and returns a value of true or false3. Validation rules verify that the data a user enters in a record meets the standards you specify before the user can save the record3. By creating a validation rule on the Lead object that checks if the Lead Source field is blank, you can prevent the user from converting the lead without filling in the Lead Source field. You can also display a custom error message to inform the user of the requirement3. For example, the validation rule formula could be:

ISBLANK(LeadSource)

And the error message could be:

Please enter a value for Lead Source before converting the lead.

Using a formula field, Lead Conversion field mapping, or an after trigger on Lead are not effective ways to ensure that the user populates the Lead Source field prior to converting a lead. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression you define. It cannot be edited by the user and cannot enforce data entry. Lead Conversion field mapping is a way to specify how fields in the lead record are transferred to the fields in the contact, account, and opportunity records during lead conversion. It cannot prevent the user from converting the lead without entering the Lead Source field. An after trigger on Lead is a piece of Apex code that executes after a lead record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. It cannot validate the data entered by the user before the lead conversion occurs. References: 1 Lead | Object Reference for the Salesforce Platform | Salesforce Developers1, 2 Let’s Talk About Salesforce Lead Source | Salesforce Ben2, 3 Validation Rules | Salesforce Help3, Formula Field | Salesforce Field Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers, Map Lead Fields for Lead Conversion | Salesforce Help, Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

A validation rule is a declarative way to enforce data quality and business logic on the records. A validation rule can prevent a record from being deleted if it does not meet certain criteria, such as having a specific field value. For example, a validation rule on the Container__c object could be:

NOT(ISPICKVAL(Status__c, “Decommissioned”))

This validation rule would prevent any Container record from being deleted unless its Status__c field is “Decommissioned”.

An Apex trigger is a programmatic way to execute custom logic before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. An Apex trigger can also prevent a record from being deleted by using the SObject.addError() method, which displays an error message and rolls back the transaction. For example, an Apex trigger on the Container__c object could be:

trigger ContainerTrigger on Container__c (before delete) { for (Container__c c : Trigger.old) { if (c.Status__c != ‘Decommissioned’) { c.addError(‘You can only delete decommissioned containers.’); } } }

This trigger would iterate over the records that are being deleted and check their Status__c field. If the field is not “Decommissioned”, it would add an error to the record and prevent the deletion.

B. After record-triggered flow and D. Before record-triggered flow are not correct answers because record-triggered flows cannot prevent records from being deleted. Record-triggered flows are a declarative way to automate business processes and execute actions when a record is created, updated, or deleted. However, record-triggered flows do not have the ability to display custom error messages or roll back transactions. Therefore, they cannot be used to enforce the business requirement of only allowing decommissioned containers to be deleted. References: Validation Rules, Apex Triggers, Record-Triggered Flows

• By providing device-awareness for mobile and desktops. This is true because the Lightning Component framework is a UI framework for developing Lightning components for mobile and desktop devices. Lightning web components and Aura components can coexist and interoperate on a page. The framework takes care of rendering the components appropriately for different devices and screen sizes1.
• By providing an Agile process with default steps. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any specific process or methodology for developing solutions. Developers can use any process that suits their needs, such as Agile, Waterfall, or Scrum2.
• By providing code review standards and processes. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any code review standards or processes. Developers are responsible for ensuring the quality and maintainability of their code, and they can use tools such as code analysis, testing, and debugging to help them3.
• By providing change history and version control. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any change history or version control features. Developers can use tools such as Git, SVN, or Salesforce DX to manage their source code and track changes.

References:

• 1: Introducing Aura Components
• 2: Agile Development with Salesforce
• 3: Code Quality and Code Analysis
• : Source Control and Salesforce Development

The most efficient way to ensure that the TotalJobs__c field on Account is kept up to date is to change it to a roll-up summary field. A roll-up summary field calculates values from related records, such as those in a related list1. In this case, the roll-up summary field on the Account object would count the number of ServiceJob__c records that are related to the Account via the partner_Service_Provider__c Lookup field. This is the simplest and most declarative way to achieve the requirement.

The other options are not valid because:

• Creating a record-triggered flow on ServiceJob__c would require more steps and logic than a roll-up summary field. A record-triggered flow would need to query the related Account record, update the TotalJobs__c field, and handle possible errors2. A record-triggered flow would also consume more system resources and limits than a roll-up summary field.
• Creating an Apex trigger on ServiceJob__c would require more coding and testing than a roll-up summary field. An Apex trigger would need to perform similar operations as a record-triggered flow, but with more complexity and less maintainability3. An Apex trigger would also consume more system resources and limits than a roll-up summary field.
• Creating a schedule-triggered flow on ServiceJob__c would not ensure that the TotalJobs__c field is kept up to date in real time. A schedule-triggered flow runs at a specified time or time interval, which means that the TotalJobs__c field could be outdated between the scheduled runs4. A schedule-triggered flow would also consume more system resources and limits than a roll-up summary field.

References:

• 1: Roll-Up Summary Field - Salesforce
• 2: Update Salesforce Records from a Flow
• 3: Inserting and Updating Records | Apex Developer Guide
• 4: Schedule-Triggered Flows - Salesforce

 To satisfy the requirements, a developer should implement a flow and an invocable method. A flow is a declarative tool that allows you to automate business processes by collecting data and performing actions in your org or an external system1. An invocable method is a method that can be called by a flow, a process, or another Apex method2. By using a flow and an invocable method, the developer can achieve the following steps:

• Create a flow that guides the sales rep through the scripted steps with each new customer they create1.
• In the flow, use an Apex action to invoke an invocable method that calls the REST endpoint of UC’s ERP system and passes the customer information as a parameter23.
• In the invocable method, use the HttpRequest and HttpResponse classes to send a GET request to the REST endpoint and receive a response that contains the customer data4.
• In the invocable method, parse the response body and return the customer data as an output parameter to the flow24.
• In the flow, use a screen element to display the customer data to the sales rep if the customer exists in the ERP system1.

Using a future method or a trigger are not effective ways to satisfy the requirements. A future method is a method that runs in the background, asynchronously, after the current transaction finishes5. A trigger is a piece of Apex code that executes before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. Neither of these options can interact with the flow or the sales rep, and they are not suitable for calling a REST endpoint that requires a synchronous response5 . References: 1 Automate Your Business Processes with Flows | Salesforce Trailhead1, 2 InvocableMethod Annotation | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers2, 3 Call Apex Code from a Flow | Salesforce Trailhead3, 4 Apex REST Callouts | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers4, 5 Asynchronous Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers5, Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

 Developer Edition orgs are free, fully-featured copies of Salesforce that are designed for developers to create and test applications. They have the same configuration as the production org, but with limited data and file storage. Developer Edition orgs are ideal for individual developers or small teams who want to work in their own orgs that are isolated from each other. Full Sandbox orgs are also copies of the production org, but they require a paid license and have a refresh interval of 29 days. Partner Developer Edition orgs are similar to Developer Edition orgs, but they have higher limits on data and file storage, as well as the number of custom objects and tabs. They are available only to Salesforce partners who are enrolled in the Partner Program. Developer Sandbox orgs are copies of the production org metadata, but they have very limited data and file storage, and a refresh interval of one day. They are useful for coding and testing in a disposable environment, but not for developing complex applications that require more resources. References:

• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I
• [Developer Edition Orgs | Salesforce Trailhead]
• [Sandbox Types and Templates | Salesforce Trailhead]

Change sets are the native way to move metadata customizations between sandboxes and your production environment1. They have the following characteristics:

• Change sets can only be used between related organizations, such as those that are linked by a deployment connection2. You cannot use change sets to deploy metadata to unrelated organizations, such as those belonging to different customers.
• Change sets can only deploy metadata, not data. You cannot use change sets to transfer records, such as accounts, contacts, or custom objects records, from one organization to another2. To move data between organizations, you need to use a data loader tool or an API.
• Sending a change set between two orgs requires a deployment connection to be established between the source and the target org2. The deployment connection allows the source org to upload outbound change sets and the target org to receive inbound change sets. The target org can then deploy the change set to apply the metadata changes.
• Change sets can deploy custom settings data only if the custom settings are defined as hierarchy and not list. Also, the custom settings data can only be deployed to other sandboxes, not to production3.
• Deployment is done in a one-way, single transaction. The source org sends the change set to the target org, but the target org does not send any confirmation or feedback to the source org. The deployment is either successful or fails as a whole, and it cannot be undone2. References:
• Everything You Need to Know About Salesforce Change Sets
• Deployments by using change sets - Salesforce Tutorial
• Using Change Sets To Deploy Apex - Salesforce Developers

The Test.loadData < > method inserts test records from the specified static resource .csv file and for the specified sObject type, and returns a list of the inserted sObjects1. The file contains field names and values for the test records. The first line of the file must contain the field names and subsequent lines are the field values. To learn more about static resources, see “Defining Static Resources” in the Salesforce online help2. This method is useful for creating test data with specific field values without writing code. The other options are either incorrect or less efficient for this purpose. Anonymous Apex is a way to execute Apex code on demand in the Developer Console, but it is not a recommended way to create test data, as it is not part of the test class and may affect the org data3. SOQL is a query language that can retrieve data from the org, but it cannot create new data. Also, using SOQL to access existing data in a test class requires the @IsTest (SeeAllData=true) annotation, which is not a best practice, as it may cause test failures or unpredictable results4. Test.loadData does not support JSON files, only CSV files1. References:

• Test Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Defining Static Resources | Salesforce Help
• Anonymous Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The tag is a Lightning component that allows you to load external CSS and JavaScript libraries in your Aura components. The tag has the following capabilities:

• One-time loading for duplicate scripts: The tag ensures that the same script or style resource is loaded only once, even if it is specified in multiple tags in the same component or across different components. This avoids unnecessary loading and potential conflicts.
• Specifying loading order: The tag allows you to specify the order in which the scripts and styles are loaded, by using comma-separated lists in the scripts and styles attributes. The resources are loaded in the order you specify them, which is important for maintaining dependency order and avoiding errors.
• Loading externally hosted scripts: The tag enables you to load scripts that are hosted on external servers, such as CDN or third-party services, by using the full URL of the script in the scripts attribute. This can be useful for accessing libraries that are not available as static resources in Salesforce.

References: ltng:require - documentation, Using External JavaScript Libraries, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

 To display any validation rule violation to the user, the developer needs to include the apex:message component on the Visualforce page. This component displays a custom message or an exception message, depending on the value of the id attribute. If the id attribute matches the id of another component on the page, such as an input field, the apex:message component displays the validation error for that component. If the id attribute is not specified, the apex:message component displays the first exception message generated by the controller. The developer can also use the apex:messages component to display all the messages for the page, not just the first one.

Option A is incorrect because adding custom controller attributes to display the message would require additional logic and coding in the controller and the Visualforce page. Option C is incorrect because using a try/catch with a custom exception class would not display the validation rule violation to the user, but rather handle the exception in the controller. Option D is incorrect because performing the DML using the Database.upsert() method would not display the validation rule violation to the user, but rather return a list of Database.SaveResult objects that contain the success or failure status of each record.

References: apex:message | Visualforce Developer Guide, ValidationRule | Metadata API Developer Guide, How to Display Validation Rule Errors in Visualforce Page

The deployment passes because the Apex code has the required 75% code coverage. In Salesforce, you need at least 75% of your Apex code to be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully. When deploying to a production environment, every unit test in your organization namespace is executed. Since the developer’s test method covers 81% of the Apex code, it meets the minimum requirement for deployment.

Option A is incorrect because the Apex trigger has code coverage, as it is invoked by the test method that calls MyClass.myStaticMethod. The trigger and the method have the same logic, so the test method effectively tests both.

Option B is incorrect because assertions are not mandatory for deployment, although they are highly recommended for verifying the expected outcomes of the test cases. Assertions are statements that compare the actual results of the test with the expected results. If an assertion fails, the test fails.

Option D is incorrect because including both classes and the trigger in the deployment is not sufficient to ensure code coverage. The developer still needs to write and run unit tests that cover the Apex code.

References: Apex Testing), Deploying Apex to a Salesforce Production Organization)

• Add a new Create Records element. This is true because the developer needs to create a new Contact record and store its ID on the Opportunity record. A Create Records element allows the developer to create one or more records of a specific object type and assign values to the fields of those records1.
• Add a new Get Records element. This is false because the developer does not need to query any existing records from the database. A Get Records element allows the developer to find and store one or more records of a specific object type that meet certain criteria2.
• Add a new Update Records element. This is false because the developer already has an Update Records element in the flow that updates the Opportunity record. A Update Records element allows the developer to update one or more records of a specific object type that meet certain criteria3.
• Add a new Roll back Records element. This is false because the developer does not need to undo any changes made by the flow. A Roll back Records element allows the developer to roll back the changes made by the flow to the database if an error occurs.

References:

• 1: Create Records
• 2: Get Records
• 3: Update Records
• : Roll Back Records

 Validation rules and record-triggered flows are two declarative options for building out the business logic layer of a Salesforce application. Validation rules allow the developer to define criteria and error messages to prevent invalid data from being saved1. Record-triggered flows allow the developer to automate actions based on changes in records, such as creating, updating, or deleting related records2. Both of these options can be configured and maintained by a Salesforce administrator without writing code. References:

• Validation Rules, Trailhead module
• Record-Triggered Automation, Trailhead module

Data Export is a service that allows you to export data from your Salesforce org to a CSV file. You can use Data Export to back up your data and attachments on a regular basis. You can define a Data Export scheduled job to run weekly or monthly, and specify the objects and fields to include in the export. You can also receive an email notification when the export is complete and download the zip file containing the CSV files from the Setup menu. References:

• Data Export Service from the Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I Exam Guide
• Export Data from the Data Loader Guide
• Export Data from the Salesforce Trailhead

• SVG resources, content asset files, and static resources are three Salesforce resources that can be accessed from a Lightning web component. They are used to store and display images, icons, fonts, stylesheets, JavaScript libraries, and other files that are required by the component12.
• SVG resources are Scalable Vector Graphics files that can be used to create and display icons and images in a Lightning web component. They can be referenced by using the @salesforce/resourceUrl import in the JavaScript file of the component12.
• Content asset files are files that are uploaded to the Salesforce Content Library and can be used to store and display images and other media in a Lightning web component. They can be referenced by using the @salesforce/contentAssetUrl import in the JavaScript file of the component12.
• Static resources are files or archives that are uploaded to the Static Resources page in Salesforce Setup and can be used to store and access stylesheets, JavaScript libraries, fonts, and other files in a Lightning web component. They can be referenced by using the @salesforce/resourceUrl import in the JavaScript file of the component12.
• Third-party web components and all external libraries are not Salesforce resources that can be accessed from a Lightning web component. They are not supported or recommended by Salesforce for security and performance reasons12.
• Third-party web components are web components that are created by other vendors or developers and are not part of the Lightning web components framework. They may not follow the same standards, specifications, or best practices as Lightning web components and may introduce security risks or compatibility issues12.
• All external libraries are JavaScript libraries that are hosted on external servers or CDNs and are not part of the Salesforce platform. They may not be compatible with the Lightning web components framework or the Locker Service, which enforces strict security policies and restrictions on the code execution and access12.

References:

• 1: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: User Interface

Fast field updates record-triggered flow and account trigger are two automation tools that can be used to implement the feature of updating the Timezone field based on the postal code. A fast field update is a type of flow action that can update one or more fields on a record without using any Apex code1. A record-triggered flow can be configured to run when a record is created or updated, and can perform actions such as fast field updates, invocable actions, or subflows2. An account trigger is a piece of Apex code that can execute before or after an account record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, and can perform complex logic or callouts to external services3. Both of these tools can access the PostalCodeToTimezone_c custom object and update the Timezone field accordingly. References:

• Fast Field Updates, Trailhead module
• Record-Triggered Automation, Trailhead module
• Apex Triggers, Trailhead module

 In order to update a record of a junction object, you must have Read/Write access on the primary relationship and Read/Write access on the junction object. A junction object is a custom object that is used to create a many-to-many relationship between two other objects via two master-detail relationships. The primary relationship is the first master-detail relationship that is created on the junction object, and the secondary relationship is the second master-detail relationship that is created on the junction object. To update a record of a junction object, you need to have Read/Write access on both the junction object and the primary relationship, because:

• Read/Write access on the junction object allows you to modify the fields and values of the junction object record, such as the name, description, or custom fields.
• Read/Write access on the primary relationship allows you to change the parent record of the junction object record, which is also known as reparenting. Reparenting is the process of moving a child record from one parent record to another in a master-detail relationship. Reparenting is not allowed by default in master-detail relationships, but it can be enabled by selecting the Allow reparenting option on the relationship field.

Read access on the primary relationship and Read/Write access on the secondary relationship are not sufficient to update a record of a junction object, because:

• Read access on the primary relationship does not allow you to change the parent record of the junction object record, which may be necessary for some updates. For example, if you want to move an OrderItem record from one Order record to another, you need to have Read/Write access on the primary relationship between OrderItem and Order.
• Read/Write access on the secondary relationship does not affect the update of the junction object record, because the secondary relationship is not involved in the update operation. The secondary relationship is only used to associate the junction object record with another parent record, but it does not allow you to modify the junction object record itself.

References: Junction Object, Reparent Records in Master-Detail Relationships, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

 The given anonymous block of code is trying to update over 10,000 Case records in a single transaction, which will exceed the governor limit. In Salesforce, there are specific limits to prevent operations from consuming excessive resources. One of these limits is the total number of records processed in a transaction. If this limit is exceeded, the transaction will fail.

References: The related information can be found under the “Apex Governor Limits” section in Salesforce documentation and learning materials on Trailhead.

I also noticed that you sent me an image along with your question. It seems to be a piece of code displayed on a screen with a light background. It’s an Anonymous Block of Apex code for Salesforce. The code snippet involves updating case records with the status “Working”. There’s an evident syntax error as it tries to retrieve 50,000 records which exceeds governor limits. A try/catch block is used to handle exceptions during the database update operation.

If you are looking for more resources to study for the Platform Developer I exam, you can check out the following links from my web search results:

• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers): This is a website that offers 60-question practice exam with answers and explanations, written by a Salesforce Developer.
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I: This is a PDF document that provides the exam guide, sample questions, and answers for the certification exam.
• Study for the Platform Developer I Exam | Salesforce Trailhead: This is a learning path that covers the topics and skills required for the certification exam, with interactive modules and quizzes.

The correct answer is option B. Use Security.stripInaccessible to remove fields inaccessible to the current user. This method takes a list of records and an access type (READ, UPDATE, CREATE, or UPSERT) and returns a new list of records with the inaccessible fields removed. This way, the Lightning web component can display the records without throwing any errors due to field-level security.

Option A is incorrect because WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED is a SOQL clause that enforces field-level security on all fields in the query. If the query returns any fields that the user does not have access to, the query will throw an exception. This is not desirable for the Lightning web component, as it will prevent the component from displaying any records at all.

Option C is incorrect because Lightning Data Service is a layer of Lightning web components that provides access to Salesforce data and metadata, cache management, and data synchronization. However, Lightning Data Service does not automatically handle field-level security for the records it retrieves. The developer still needs to use Security.stripInaccessible or another method to remove the inaccessible fields.

Option D is incorrect because Lightning Locker Service is a security feature that isolates Lightning web components from each other and from the rest of the page. It does not enforce sharing rules or field-level security for the data that the components access.

References: Security.stripInaccessible (Apex Developer Guide)), WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED (Apex Developer Guide)), Lightning Data Service Basics (Trailhead)), Lightning Locker (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide))

The statement Database.insert (records, false) should be used to allow some of the records in a list of records to be inserted if others fail to be inserted. This statement uses the Database class method insert with the allOrNone parameter set to false. This means that the operation allows partial success, and if some records fail, the remainder of the DML operation can still succeed. The method returns a list of Database.SaveResult objects, which contain the status and error information for each record. The developer can use this information to handle the failed records accordingly. The other statements either use the standard DML statement insert, which rolls back the entire transaction if any record fails, or use the allOrNone parameter set to true, which has the same effect as the standard DML statement. References: Database Class, Inserting and Updating Records, Database.insert(list,false) in apex

The correct answer is to use the with sharing keyword in the Apex class. This keyword enforces the sharing rules that apply to the current user. This means that the Apex code respects the user’s permissions, field-level security, and sharing rules when querying or modifying records. This ensures that only records accessible to the currently logged in user are displayed. References: Apex Developer Guide

A record-triggered flow is an automation tool that allows you to run a flow when a record is created, updated, or deleted1. You can use a record-triggered flow to meet the business requirement of deleting associated opportunity records when the related account is deleted. You can configure the flow to trigger when an account is deleted, and then use the Get Records element to query the related opportunities. Then, you can use the Delete Records element to delete the queried opportunities2. This way, you can ensure that the opportunity records are proactively deleted when the account is deleted, without writing any code.

Workflow rules and process builder are also automation tools that can run when a record is created, updated, or deleted, but they cannot delete records directly. You would need to use an Apex action or a custom field update to achieve the same functionality3 . Scheduled jobs are Apex classes that run at specified intervals, such as daily or weekly. They are not suitable for the business requirement of deleting records when another record is deleted, as they are not triggered by record changes.

References:

• Record-Triggered Flows | Salesforce Help
• Delete Records with a Record-Triggered Flow | Salesforce Trailhead
• Workflow Rules | Salesforce Help
• [Process Builder | Salesforce Help]
• [Scheduled Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers]

The error occurs because the code is not bulkified, meaning it doesn’t efficiently handle more than one record at a time. In Salesforce, there are governor limits that restrict the number of records you can process to ensure that no single operation consumes too many resources. In this case:

• Option C: Moving the DML that saves opportunities outside of the for loop will help in bulkifying the code to handle multiple records efficiently without hitting governor limits.
• Option D: Querying for existing opportunities outside of the for loop will also contribute to making sure that the code is bulkified and efficient.

References: Apex Developer Guide on Bulkifying Code (1

The developer can update the method to prevent a SOQL injection attack by using variable binding and replacing the dynamic query with a static SOQL, or by using the escapeSingleQuote method to sanitize the parameter before its use. These are two ways to avoid concatenating user input directly into the query string, which can allow malicious input to alter the query logic and expose sensitive data. For example, the developer can rewrite the method as follows:

// Using variable binding and static SOQL List performSearch(String lastName){ String queryName = ‘%’ + lastName + ‘%’; return [SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName FROM Contact WHERE LastName LIKE :queryName]; }

// Using escapeSingleQuote method List performSearch(String lastName){ String sanitizedLastName = String.escapeSingleQuotes(lastName); return Database.query(‘SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName FROM Contact WHERE LastName LIKE '%’ + sanitizedLastName + ‘%'’); }

Using a regular expression on the parameter to remove special characters is not a reliable way to prevent a SOQL injection attack, because it may not cover all possible scenarios and may also remove valid input. Using the @Readonly annotation and the with sharing keyword on the class is not relevant to the SOQL injection issue, because they affect the data access and performance of the class, not the security of the query.

References: SOQL Injection, Invoking Callouts Using Apex, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

To check the code coverage of a class after running all tests, the developer should view the code coverage percentage of the class using the Overall Code Coverage panel in the Developer Console Test tab1. This panel shows the code coverage for each Apex class and trigger in the organization, as well as the overall code coverage. The developer can also view the line-by-line code coverage for a class by opening the class and selecting the All Tests option from the Code Coverage menu2. The blue lines indicate the lines that are covered by tests, and the red lines indicate the lines that are not covered by tests. References:

• 1: Testing and Code Coverage | Apex Developer Guide
• 2: Checking Code Coverage - Salesforce

When deploying to a production org, all Apex code, including triggers, must have at least 75% test coverage. This means that at least 75% of the lines of code in each Apex class and trigger must be executed by unit tests. This is a requirement to ensure the quality and reliability of the code and to prevent any unexpected behavior or errors in production. Test coverage is calculated by dividing the number of covered lines by the total number of lines in each class or trigger. Test coverage can be measured by running tests in the Developer Console, the Salesforce CLI, or the Apex Test Execution page in Setup. Test coverage can also be viewed in the Code Coverage page in Setup or in the Problems tab in the Developer Console. Test coverage is different from test results, which indicate whether the tests passed or failed based on the assertions and expected outcomes. Test results do not affect the deployment, but they can help identify and fix any bugs or issues in the code. Test coverage and test results are both important aspects of testing Apex code and ensuring its functionality and performance. References:

• Testing Apex from the Apex Developer Guide
• Get Started with Apex Unit Tests from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Deploying Apex to a Production Organization from the Apex Developer Guide

SOSL and SOQL are two different types of search languages in Salesforce. SOSL is a programmatic way of performing a text-based search against the search index, while SOQL is the equivalent of a SELECT SQL statement and searches the org database1. The developer should consider the following factors when deciding between SOQL and SOSL2:

• The number of records to be returned: SOSL can return up to 2,000 records from multiple objects, while SOQL can return up to 50,000 records from a single object or from multiple objects that are related to one another1.
• The speed of text searches: SOSL is generally faster than SOQL for text searches, especially if the search expression uses a CONTAINS term. SOSL can tokenize multiple terms within a field and build a search index from this, which makes SOSL searches more efficient and relevant1.
• The knowledge of the object or field: SOSL is useful when the developer does not know which object or field the data resides in, and wants to retrieve data for a specific term across multiple objects and fields. SOQL is useful when the developer knows which objects the data resides in, and wants to retrieve data from a single object or from multiple objects that are related to one another1.
• The type of data to be retrieved: SOSL supports text, email, and phone fields, and can retrieve data that is in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, or Thai. SOQL supports number, date, or checkbox fields, and can retrieve data from big objects1. References:
• Introduction to SOQL and SOSL | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• Difference between SOSL and SOQL search types - Salesforce

Debug logs are used to track events that occur in an org, such as database operations, Apex code execution, workflow processes, and API calls. Debug logs have different categories, levels, and filters that determine what information is logged and how much detail is included. Some of the statements about debug logs are:

• Debug log levels are cumulative, where FINE log level includes all events logged at the DEBUG, INFO, WARN, and ERROR levels. This means that setting a higher log level for a category will also log the events from the lower levels. For example, if the log level for Apex Code is FINE, then the debug log will include log messages generated by DML statements, inline SOQL or SOSL queries, the start and completion of any triggers, and the start and completion of any test method.
• The maximum size of a debug log is 5 MB. Debug logs that are larger than 5 MB are reduced in size by removing older log lines, such as log lines for earlier System.debug statements. The log lines can be removed from any location, not just the start of the debug log.
• System debug logs are retained for 24 hours. Monitoring debug logs are retained for seven days. System debug logs are generated when you have active user-based trace flags, when you run Apex tests, and when executed code or API requests include debugging parameters or headers. Monitoring debug logs are generated when you set debug log filters for specific users, classes, and triggers.

The other statements are not accurate because:

• Only the 20 most recent debug logs for a user are kept. This is not true, because the number of debug logs that are kept for a user depends on the log size and the retention period. For example, if a user has 10 debug logs that are each 1 MB in size, and another user has 10 debug logs that are each 500 KB in size, then the first user will have more debug logs retained than the second user, even if they both generated the same number of logs.
• Debug logs can be set for specific users, classes, and triggers. This is partially true, but not entirely. You can set debug log filters for specific users, classes, and triggers, but you cannot set debug log levels for them. Debug log levels are set at the org level, and they apply to all debug logs that are generated in the org.

References:

• : Debug Log Levels and Filters
• : Debug Log Size and Retention
• : Set Debug Log Filters

A helper is a JavaScript resource that contains functions that can be reused by the component’s controller or other helpers. A controller is a JavaScript resource that contains functions that handle user interactions and events in the component. A renderer is a JavaScript resource that overrides the default rendering behavior of the component. A style is a CSS resource that defines the appearance of the component. A design is an XML resource that specifies the design-time attributes for the component. References: Using JavaScript, Using External JavaScript Libraries In Aura Component, Expression Functions Reference

 A developer can execute tests in an org using the following methods:

• Setup Menu: By browsing to setup->Apex Test Execution, the developer can select and run tests from the user interface1.
• SalesforceDX: By using the Salesforce CLI on the command line, the developer can run tests in an org using the force:apex:test:run command2. This command can also be used from Salesforce Extensions for VS Code or from within third-party continuous integration tools, such as Jenkins or CircleCI2.
• Tooling API: The developer can also run tests using the Tooling REST API. Use the /runTestsAsynchronous/ and /runTestsSynchronous/ endpoints to run tests asynchronously or synchronously3.

References:

• 1: Get a Refresh on Testing Unit | Salesforce Trailhead
• 2: Run Apex Tests | Salesforce DX Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: What are three ways for a developer to execute tests in an Org?

To check the test coverage of active Process Builder and Flows deploying them in a Change Set, a developer can use SOQL and the Tooling API. The Tooling API provides the FlowTestCoverage object, which represents the test coverage for a flow or process by a given Apex method. The developer can use SOQL queries to retrieve the FlowTestCoverage records for the flows and processes that are included in the Change Set, and calculate the overall test coverage percentage. The developer can also use the Tooling API to create, update, or delete FlowTestCoverage records.

Option A is incorrect because the Flow properties page does not show the test coverage of the flow or process. Option B is incorrect because the code Coverage Setup page only shows the test coverage of Apex classes and triggers, not flows or processes. Option C is incorrect because the Apex testresult class only provides information about the test execution results, not the test coverage of flows or processes.

References: FlowTestCoverage | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation, How can a developer check the test coverage of active process builder and flows deploying them in a changing set?

This is because when a DML exception is thrown, it means that the operation failed due to some error, such as a validation rule, a trigger, or a governor limit. If the exception is not handled, it will cause the entire transaction to roll back and display an unhandled exception message to the user. To handle exceptions gracefully, the developer should use a try/catch block to catch the exception and handle it in a way that does not disrupt the user experience, such as logging the error, displaying a custom message, or retrying the operation. References: The use of try/catch blocks for handling exceptions is covered under Apex basics on Trailhead1. You can also find more information on DML exceptions and how to handle them in the Apex Developer Guide2.

Component and application events are two types of events that can be used to communicate between components in Lightning. Component events are handled by the component that fired the event or a component in its containment hierarchy. Application events are handled by any component that is listening to the event, regardless of where it is in the DOM1. Some of the best practices when it comes to component and application event handling are:

• Reuse the event logic in a component bundle, by putting the logic in the helper. This practice allows the developer to avoid duplicating code and to maintain consistency and modularity. The helper class can contain common methods that can be invoked by the controller or the renderer of the component2.
• Handle low-level events in the event handler and re-fire them as higher-level events. This practice allows the developer to abstract away the details of the low-level events and provide a more meaningful and relevant event for the consumers. For example, a component can handle a mouse click event and re-fire it as a select event with additional data3.

The other options are not best practices because:

• Use component events to communicate actions that should be handled at the application level. This practice is not recommended, because component events are scoped to the component that fired them or its parents. If the action should be handled by a component that is not in the same containment hierarchy, the component event will not reach it. Application events are more suitable for cross-component communication1.
• Try to use application events as opposed to component events. This practice is not advisable, because application events are broadcast to all components that are listening to them, which can cause performance issues and unwanted side effects. Component events are more efficient and secure, as they are only handled by the relevant components1.

References:

• : Communicating with Events
• : Helper Functions
• : Advanced Events Example

 A standard list controller provides a list of records of a specific object type, such as Contact, and allows you to create Visualforce pages that can display or act on that data1. A standard list controller is suitable for this purpose, because it can easily query the contacts owned by the current user and display them in a table or list. A standard list controller also supports pagination, sorting, filtering, and mass actions2. A standard controller provides access to a single record of a specific object type, such as Account, and is not suitable for displaying a list of records1. A lightning controller is a JavaScript controller that handles user interactions and events in a Lightning web component, and is not related to Visualforce pages3. A custom controller is an Apex class that implements all the logic for a Visualforce page, and requires writing more code than using a standard list controller1. References:

• Standard Controllers and Standard List Controllers | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Using Standard List Controllers | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The correct implementation is to implement the line amount as a numeric formula field and the order amount as a roll-up summary field. This is because formula fields can calculate values based on other fields, such as quantity and price, without requiring any code or process1. Roll-up summary fields can aggregate values from related records, such as the sum of line amounts for an order, without requiring any code or process2. This solution is the most declarative and efficient way to achieve the requirement.

References:

• 1: Create Formula Fields
• 2: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields

This SOQL query will get the record for the Viridian City gym and its trainers by using a subquery to fetch the related records from the Trainer_c object. The subquery uses the relationship name Trainer_c, which is the plural form of the custom object name with a suffix of __c. The main query uses the Name field of the Gym_c object to filter by the gym name. The query also uses the correct syntax for SOQL, which requires the use of the equal sign (=) for comparison operators, and single quotes (') for string literals. References: SOQL SELECT Syntax, [SOQL Relationships Between Objects], [SOQL Subquery]

https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.soql_sosl.meta/soql_sosl/sforce_api_calls_soql_relationships.htm : https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.soql_sosl.meta/soql_sosl/sforce_api_calls_soql_select_subquery.htm

The component is used to create editable fields that respect the field-level security and other attributes of the specified field on an object. It works with the component to display and save the values of record fields. The component automatically displays the correct input type based on the data type of the field. For example, if the field is a currency field, the component renders as a currency input. The component also respects the user’s locale and currency settings. See lightning-input-field1 for more details. References: 1: lightning-input-field | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/bundle/lightning-input/documentation)

 The Developer Console is a tool that allows developers to access and edit code, execute SOQL and SOSL queries, debug and test code, view logs and performance data, and more. The Developer Console can help troubleshoot performance issues by providing information such as execution time, heap size, CPU time, and limits usage for each line of code. The Developer Console also has features such as the Performance Tree, the Execution Overview, and the Timeline View that can help identify and optimize the performance bottlenecks. The Developer Console is different from the other tools listed, as they are not designed for performance troubleshooting. AppExchange is a marketplace for Salesforce apps and components. Salesforce CLI is a command-line interface for managing Salesforce projects and orgs. Visual Studio Code IDE is an integrated development environment that supports Salesforce extensions and tools. References:

• Developer Console from the Salesforce Developer Center
• Troubleshoot Performance Using the Developer Console from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Developer Console Basics from the Salesforce Help

A lightning component is a reusable unit of code that can be used to override the standard actions of an object, such as Edit, in Lightning Experience and the Salesforce mobile app1. A lightning component can provide a custom user interface and logic for the action, and can interact with the record data using the force:recordData component2. A lightning action, a lightning page, and a lightning flow are not valid options for overriding the standard Edit button for an object. References:

• Standard Actions and Overrides Basics
• Override Standard Actions with Aura Components

The @InvocableMethod annotation is used to identify methods that can be run as invocable actions from a flow, a bot, or an NBA. There are some considerations when using this annotation in Apex, such as:

• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation must define a return value, even if it is null. This is because the invocable action must return a value to the flow, bot, or NBA that invokes it.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can have only one input parameter, which can be a list of a primitive data type, a list of a specific sObject type, or a list of a generic sObject type. This is because the invocable action can accept only one input value from the flow, bot, or NBA that invokes it.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation must be declared as static, because it is not associated with a specific instance of the class that defines it. Static methods can be invoked without creating an object of the class.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can be declared as either public or global, depending on the visibility of the invocable action. Public methods are visible within the same namespace, while global methods are visible across namespaces.
• Only one method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can be defined per Apex class, because each invocable action is associated with a single Apex class. Multiple invocable methods in the same class would cause ambiguity and confusion.

References: InvocableMethod Annotation | Apex Developer Guide, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation

The code block provided will not insert any accounts because it violates Salesforce’s governor limits. In Salesforce, you cannot perform DML (Data Manipulation Language) operations like insert, update, delete inside a loop as it can quickly exceed the governor limits (for example, you can only do 150 DML operations per transaction). Since the ‘insert’ operation is inside a for loop that iterates 500 times, this code will hit the limit and throw an error. References: The information is based on the understanding of governor limits in Salesforce which is crucial for writing efficient and optimized code. More details can be found in the Apex Developer Guide on Governor Limits: Salesforce Governor Limits

 To create a form that will create a record for a custom object, the developer can use a Dynamic Form, which is a Lightning App Builder component that allows you to customize the fields and sections of a record page layout1. A Dynamic Form can also use visibility rules to display different fields based on the user’s profile, role, or other criteria2. To add the functionality to the Account record page, the developer can use a Dynamic Action, which is a way to configure actions on a record page without code3. A Dynamic Action can also use visibility rules to show or hide actions based on the user’s profile, role, or other criteria4. To restrict the functionality to a small group of users, the developer can create a Custom Permission, which is a way to grant access to custom processes or apps5. A Custom Permission can be assigned to a permission set or a profile, and then assigned to the users who need it. References:

• Dynamic Forms | Salesforce Trailhead
• Visibility Rules for Dynamic Forms | Salesforce Help
• Dynamic Actions | Salesforce Trailhead
• Visibility Rules for Dynamic Actions | Salesforce Help
• Custom Permissions | Salesforce Trailhead
• [Assign Custom Permissions | Salesforce Help]

The developer can use the Laptop interface within the SilverLaptop class by using the keyword ‘implements’. This keyword indicates that the SilverLaptop class is implementing the Laptop interface, which means that it must provide a body for all the methods declared in the interface. For example, the SilverLaptop class can implement the Laptop interface as follows:

public class SilverLaptop implements Laptop { // code implementation public void turnOn() { // code to turn on the laptop } public void turnOff() { // code to turn off the laptop } }

The other options are not valid ways to use the Laptop interface within the SilverLaptop class. Option A uses the annotation ‘@Extends’, which is not a valid syntax in Apex. Option B uses the keyword ‘extends’, which is used to indicate inheritance between classes, not interfaces. Option C uses the annotation ‘@Interface’, which is also not a valid syntax in Apex.

References: Interfaces | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

 the current user has the permission to delete Account records, and false otherwise. This method is part of the Schema.DescribeSObjectResult class, which provides information about the metadata and permissions of an sObject type. The other options are incorrect because they either use invalid syntax or refer to the wrong object or variable. The accountRec variable is an instance of an Account record, not an sObject type, and it does not have an isDeletable() method. The Account sObject type does not have an isDeletable() method either, it is a property of the Schema.DescribeSObjectResult class. The AccountRec.ObjectType property returns the sObject type of the accountRec variable, which is Account, but it does not have an isDeletable() method either. References:

• Schema.DescribeSObjectResult Class
• Schema.sObjectType Class
• Apex Developer Guide: Checking User Permissions