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BA1 Sample Questions Answers

Questions 4

As the process of globalization increases, typical businesses will

Options:

A.

Depend more and more on their domestic markets.

B.

Have to raise more capital from internal sources.

C.

Have less need to increase their international competitiveness.

D.

Be more and more affected by changes in exchange rates.

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Questions 5

All of the following are advantages of a system of floating (flexible) exchange rates except one. Which ONE is the exception?

Options:

A.

They provide automatic correction of imbalances in the balance of payments

B.

Countries no longer need to hold foreign exchange reserves to manage the currency

C.

Countries with inflationary problems can avoid losing international price competitiveness

D.

They encourage international trade by eliminating foreign exchange transactions costs

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Questions 6

When central banks adopt a policy of 'quantitative easing' this means that they:

Options:

A.

Lift quantitative restrictions on bank lending

B.

Lower the capital adequacy requirements for banks

C.

Buy government bonds from the banks

D.

Ease the liquidity ratios banks need to hold

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Questions 7

In the foreign exchange market all of the following are sources of demand for a country's currency except one. Which ONE is the exception?

Options:

A.

That country's exports

B.

Inflow of capital into that country

C.

That country's invisible earnings

D.

Purchases of the currency by the central bank

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Questions 8

If a firm reduces the price of its good from $10 to $8 and, as a result, sales rise from 20,000 per month to 22,000 per month, the price elasticity of demand for its good must be

Options:

A.

-1

B.

-0.5

C.

+0.5

D.

+1

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Questions 9

Every year a household allows its bank account to become overdrawn for 3 months to pay for its annual holiday. Which one of the following statements correctly describes this?

Options:

A.

A short term lack of synchronization between payments and receipts

B.

Long term borrowing

C.

Medium term borrowing

D.

Maturity transformation

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Questions 10

All of the following are examples of structural unemployment except which one?

Options:

A.

Redundancies in shipbuilding caused by competition from abroad.

B.

Falling employment in manufacturing industry resulting from a decline in consumer incomes.

C.

Unemployment in coal mining caused by the advent of new energy sources.

D.

Above average unemployment rates among low skilled workers.

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Questions 11

The existence of a natural rate of unemployment means that

Options:

A.

the short run Phillips curve is steeper that the long run Phillips curve.

B.

nominal wages rise faster the prices in the long run.

C.

governments cannot reduce unemployment below this level.

D.

there is no trade-off between inflation and unemployment in the long run.

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Questions 12

Which of the following best describes a project that has a negative Net Present Value?

Options:

A.

A loss making project

B.

A project that doesn't make enough profit to pay the interest on the money borrowed to invest in it

C.

A project that doesn't make sufficient returns to fully compensate investors for the funds they invest in it

D.

A project that will only start making profits after the present year has finished

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Questions 13

A government might increase its budget deficit in order to reduce

Options:

A.

Demand-deficient or cyclical unemployment

B.

Frictional unemployment

C.

Technological unemployment

D.

Classical or real-wage unemployment

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Questions 14

Company X is a wholesaler. It sells the majority of its products in bulk to a small number of restaurants and cafes in the local area.

Which of the following will Company X experience in light of this?

Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

A reduction in distribution costs as a result of economies of scale

B.

A reduction in the number of staff needed to perform certain roles within the company

C.

The company will not be able to buy in bulk at a discount in the future

D.

The company will not be able to maximise efficiency due to rapid business growth

E.

It will not experience the benefits of economies of scale

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Questions 15

Which of the following are reasons why the principal-agent problem is so critical for businesses? Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

It limits the control of one layer of management over another

B.

It can lead to dubious managerial practices within the company

C.

It leads to higher profits which ultimately benefit a business

D.

Higher sales means the business will perform well regardless of managerial practice

E.

Co-ordination needs to be good in order for multiple layers of management to function well

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Questions 16

Best for Beer is a brewery based in the UK. In the last year, it has seen its sales decrease by 23%. During the same period, the British Government has launched and run a public health campaign against excessive

alcohol consumption due to the rising number of incidents related to excessive alcohol consumption or 'binge-drinking' in the country.

Which of the following sources would be most relevant for Best for Beer to discover more about the public health campaign's effect on sales?

Options:

A.

News media

B.

Online surveys for customers

C.

Employment briefings

D.

Trade journals

E.

Legal information

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Questions 17

The government of Vencia has set out in its Budget a restrictive set of fiscal policies. These include raising VAT and the basic rate of income tax to 25%. The Bank of Vencia must now implement this Budget as monetary

policy.

Which of the following best outlines how the Bank of Vencia might do this?

Options:

A.

Halt all ongoing quantitative easing programmes, buy bonds at a higher interest rate and sell treasury bills

B.

Implement quantitative easing programmes, sell bonds and buy treasury bills

C.

Lower the capital adequacy ratio, increasing banks' lending power

D.

Implement quantitative easing programmes, buy bonds and treasury bills

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Questions 18

Brine Bank is facing a liquidity crisis.

Which of the following should the central bank NOT do in response to this?

Select all that apply.

Options:

A.

Sell government bonds to decrease interest rates, encouraging borrowing from the bank's customers

B.

Lower the capital adequacy ratio

C.

Raise the capital adequacy ratio

D.

Buy government bonds, discouraging customers from borrowing and encouraging them to save their money

E.

Sell treasury bonds to limit the amount of credit in the economy

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Questions 19

Jacob's Tobacconists have recently been hit by the increase in tax on tobacco products in the UK. The graph shows the drop in demand after the tax was applied to these products.

What might the amount denoted by the difference between PO and P1 on the graph be used for?

Options:

A.

To fund public health services in the UK

B.

To add to the profits of Jacob's Tobacconist

C.

To invest in other tobacconists and cigarette producers situated in the UK

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Questions 20

The government has set a maximum house price due to a massive house price rise in the last decade. This is denoted by the line Q1Q2 on the graph.

Which of the following may occur in light of the introduction of the maximum house price as it appears on the graph?

Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

There will be a shortage of housing supply in Lingford.

B.

A 'black market' may develop in housing, meaning the maximum price is ignored.

C.

There will be a surplus of housing supply in Lingford.

D.

Landowners will continue to build residential properties at the same rate as before the maximum price was implemented.

E.

It is not likely that the maximum house price will need some sort of reform in the near future.

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Questions 21

West Morton Rail has calculated that the number of passengers travelling on their railway increases during school holidays, while the inverse is true for most other railways in the country.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for this unusual correlation?

Options:

A.

West Morton Rail is a heritage railway, meaning it will receive more passengers as rates of tourism increase during the school holidays

B.

West Morton Rail is situated in a town where there are very few schools

C.

West Morton Rail has a special discount for passengers using their service during the school holidays

D.

West Morton Rail receives less revenue than other railway services

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Questions 22

Which of the following is an example of fiscal policy?

Options:

A.

The central bank imposing controls on bank lending

B.

The removal of foreign exchange controls which restrict the transfer of currencies between countries

C.

The removal of regulations which restrict Sunday trading

D.

The creation of tax-exempt savings accounts to encourage savings

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Questions 23

A commercial airline uses its database to develop the following regression model to predict the cost of a flight Y (in dollars) by number of passengers:

Y = 1,570 +40 7x

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the airline'?

Options:

A.

The cost of a flight will increase by $40.7 when an additional passenger is added to the flight.

B.

The regression model makes accurate predictions for this commercial airline, therefore it will provide good forecasts for other commercial airlines.

C.

The positive intercept in the model indicates a positive relationship between the cost of a flight and the number of passengers.

D.

If each pair of data points is plotted on a graph with Y on the vertical axis and X on the horizontal axis, there will be a downward sloping line.

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Questions 24

The manger of a branch of retailer Brilliant Buys wants to calculate the correlation between employee happiness and productivity. He has ranked each of the 10 employees at his branch in both fields, as shown to the left.

What degree of correlation is there between productivity and happiness at Brilliant Buys, using Spearman's coefficient?

Options:

A.

High correlation

B.

Moderate correlation

C.

Low correlation

D.

No correlation

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Questions 25

In fiscal policy, the term automatic stabilizer refers to any factor that

Options:

A.

Operates to reduce cyclical fluctuations in output without active government policy.

B.

That causes aggregate demand to rise in recession and fall in booms.

C.

Prevents the government budget from moving too far into surplus or deficit.

D.

Prevents recessions and booms by ensuring that aggregate demand remains constant.

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Questions 26

A trade agreement that removes all import tariffs between member countries, sets up common external tariffs against non-members, but does not advance toward economic integration is called

Options:

A.

an economic union.

B.

a customs union.

C.

a free trade area.

D.

a common market

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Questions 27

PetsPlus Pic. has outsourced its marketing operations to the recently established marketing firm MarketMe. MarketMe has devised and distributed an online survey on behalf of PetsPlus Pic, asking customers to

evaluate the products they purchase from the company.

An example of a question from the survey is as follows:

'What do you think of PetsPlus's decision to outsource its marketing operations to a marketing firm?

Which of the following best describes why this question will not yield good information for PetsPlus?

Options:

A.

Relevance

B.

Accuracy

C.

Reliability

D.

Cost efficiency

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Questions 28

The government of Country Z imposes a tariff on all imports of coal from other countries Which THREE of the following are possible effects of this decision in Country?

Options:

A.

The cost of living will fall.

B.

Employment in the coal industry will increase

C.

The balance of payment will improve.

D.

Government's revenue will improve.

E.

Coal producers will adopt new technologies to improve efficiency

F.

More resources will be allocated to alternative energy sources

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Questions 29

A government issues a security which promises to pay $100 per year indefinitely. What is it worth if the required rate of return is..

Options:

A.

$2, 400

B.

$1, 400

C.

$2, 500

D.

$4, 000

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Questions 30

The following table shows the profits of a business and an index of the general price level for 4 years

How does the level of real (inflation adjusted) profits in 20X4 compare to those of 20X1 ?

Options:

A.

+ $l8m

B.

+ $12.5m

C.

+ S3m

D.

+ $0-6m

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Questions 31

The use of hedging is to reduce or eliminate exposure to which of the following?

1. Credit risk

2. Economic risk

3. Transaction risk

4. Transition risk.

Options:

A.

1, 3 and 4

B.

1, 2 and 4

C.

2, 3 and 4

D.

1, 2 and 3

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Questions 32

Based on historical time series data, a chemicals company uses sales ($million) as the y variable and time (year) as the x variable and equation.

y = - 3935 47 + 2 02x

Using the equation, what is the company's predicted sales for the year 2020? Give your answer to the nearest million.

Options:

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Questions 33

Which THREE of the following does globalisation offer to businesses?

Options:

A.

The opportunity to participate in building international alliances.

B.

The opportunity to comply with national standards

C.

The benefits of protectionist measures

D.

The opportunity to lobby the government for less regulation

E.

By opening up new markets, the opportunity to increase sales

F.

The opportunity to relocate production in countries where the labor cost is lower

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Questions 34

A business sells 10,000 units of its product pet month at a unit price of $10 It reduces the pnce to $88,000 per unit As a result its total reviewed $88,000 per month. What is the price elasticity of demand for this product?

Options:

A.

+1.87

B.

+0.6

C.

-2

D.

-0.5

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Questions 35

Which of the following describes the slope of a normal supply curve?

Options:

A.

Upwards from right to left.

B.

Upwards from left to right.

C.

Downwards from left to right.

D.

Downwards from right to left.

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Questions 36

A manufacturing company is considering a new investment project.

Which TWO of the following would reduce the net present value of the investment to the business?

Options:

A.

A rise in the scrap value of the project at the end of its life.

B.

A reduction in the expected level of future sales.

C.

A rise in interest rates.

D.

A fall in the initial capital cost of the project

E.

An expected fall in the future price of components used by the business

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Questions 37

According to the principle of comparative advantage which of the following explains how country V may benefit from international trade?

Options:

A.

Specialisation and international trade will only be successful if tariffs are used to protect country V's economy.

B.

Jobs historically done by country V's nationals have been off-shored to countries with cheaper labour costs.

C.

Country V can specialise in exporting oil which it can produce relatively cheaply, and import goods.

D.

Country V will only benefit from international trade if another country loses.

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Questions 38

The following table provides the frequency distribution and cumulative frequencies of the cost of monthly rent for 120 apartments. What is the percentage of apartments whose monthly rent is less than $510?

Options:

A.

21%

B.

50%

C.

25%

D.

41%

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Questions 39

In recent years, consumer groups have become more vocal in calling for the boycott of producers whose suppliers do not comply with international regulations on workplace safety and child labour A fashion company that outsources its production to low labour cost countries should include this phenomenon in which part of their PESTEL framework?

Options:

A.

T

B.

E

C.

S

D.

P

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Questions 40

A hairdressing salon can either invest in

1. New. more comfortable chairs at a cost of $5,000

2. New shop windows at a cost of $4,000

Over the next five years. Investment 1 will generate an additional amount of profit whose present value is $6,000. while Investment 2 additional amount of profit whose present value is $5,500

What is the net present value of the best project? Give your answer to the nearest whole dollar.

Options:

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Questions 41

industrial action is more likely to occur within a large organisation than a small organisation, due to senior management becoming re managers becoming complacent, as well as shop floor hostility. The effect of this will be an increasing average cost as production

The statement above is most closely describing an example of which of the following?

Options:

A.

External diseconomy of scale.

B.

Internal diseconomy of scale

C.

Internal economy of scale

D.

External economy of scale

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Questions 42

Firms in competitive markets can earn only normal profit in the long run because:

Options:

A.

they produce homogeneous products

B.

there are no barriers to entry into these markets

C.

production costs are the same for all producers

D.

of the absence of economies of scale

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Questions 43

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of an agent as defined in principal-agent theory?

Options:

A.

An employee of the organization

B.

An owner of the organization

C.

One who is paid by the owners of the organization

D.

One who is responsible for ensuring the organization pursues the interests of its owners

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Questions 44

Which of the following is most likely to increase rather than to reduce market imperfections?

Options:

A.

An increase in the number of buyers and sellers in a market

B.

A lowering of entry barriers separating markets

C.

Informative advertising giving way to persuasive advertising

D.

Employers making greater use of the Internet to advertise job vacancies

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Questions 45

If the government imposed a legal minimum wage that was above the market equilibrium wage, the resulting unemployment would be the greatest when:

Options:

A.

the demand for labor and the supply of labor are both price inelastic

B.

the demand for labor and the supply of labor are both price elastic

C.

the demand for labor is price inelastic and the supply of labor is price elastic

D.

the demand for labor is price elastic and the supply of labor is price inelastic

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Questions 46

Which ONE of the following statements about profit is true?

Options:

A.

Normal profit will rise if the cost of production is falling as output increases

B.

Profit per unit is equal to the difference between average revenue and average total cost

C.

The point of profit maximization is always where average costs are lowest

D.

A rise in output will always raise profits provided total revenue is rising

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Questions 47

Which of the following events might cause the demand curve for chicken meat to shift to the right?

Options:

A.

A fall in the price of chicken meat

B.

A fall in the prices of turkey meat

C.

An outbreak of salmonella infection in chicken meat

D.

The publication of a health report urging people to eat white rather than red meats

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Questions 48

All of the following statements about a firms total revenue curve are true except which ONE?

Options:

A.

Because the price of a product falls as more is supplied to the market the curve is not a straight line

B.

Price elasticity of demand for the product = 1 at the highest point of the curve

C.

If price of the product rose the curve would pivot upwards

D.

The curve would be a horizontal straight line if demand for the product were perfectly price elastic

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Questions 49

Which of the following provides a definition of a free good?

Options:

A.

No charge is made for it by its supplier

B.

Its provision is financed by taxation

C.

It is produced from renewable resources

D.

It is available at zero cost of production in unlimited quantities

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Questions 50

XYZ plc has relocated its head office to a new site which enjoys better road communications and is close to a training college that teaches the skills needed to work at XYZ plc. Why will XYZ's costs fall?

Options:

A.

It will gain the benefits of technical economies of scale

B.

It will gain the benefits of managerial economies of scale

C.

It will gain the benefits of external economies of scale

D.

It will gain the benefits of financial economies of scale

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Questions 51

All of the following factors contribute to the instability of agricultural prices except which ONE?

Options:

A.

Agricultural products have low price elasticities of supply

B.

Output is affected by non-controllable factors such as climate

C.

Supply decisions are based on the prices of the present time period

D.

Markets have a low price elasticity of demand

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Questions 52

All of the following would provide justification for government competition authorities to investigate the businesses involved except one. Which ONE is the exception?

Options:

A.

The operation of a cartel

B.

A merger between the two dominant firms in an industry

C.

A price fixing agreement between two rival firms

D.

An advertising campaign directly targeting rival firms

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Questions 53

Which of the following is likely to cause the demand curve of margarine to shift to the left?

Options:

A.

A fall in the price of margarine

B.

A fall in the cost of vegetable oils

C.

A successful advertising campaign by butter producers

D.

A fall in the price of bread

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Questions 54

In the long run a firm may find its average cost of production rising because

Options:

A.

of the operation of diminishing returns to a fixed factor

B.

of the effect of diseconomies of scale

C.

over time the price of purchased inputs rises

D.

in the long run all costs are variable costs

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Questions 55

If in the short run a business raises the output of its product then

Options:

A.

average fixed cost will remain constant over the whole range of output

B.

average variable cost will fall over the whole range of output

C.

average total cost will initially fall and then rise as output is increased

D.

average total cost will fall until constant returns to scale achieved

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Questions 56

£100 of new cash is issued, which is then deposited in a bank which is part of a banking system operating a cash ratio of 10%. The maximum possible increase in the money supply which can follow from this transaction, additional to the initial deposit, is

Options:

A.

£90

B.

£190

C.

£900

D.

£1000

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Questions 57

A business could meet a short term financial need by all of the following except one. Which ONE is the exception?

Options:

A.

Using its cash reserves

B.

A bank overdraft

C.

Issuing shares

D.

Factoring

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Questions 58

Diseconomies of scale

Options:

A.

are the result of the operation of the law of diminishing returns

B.

occur because all firms face a U shaped short run average cost curve

C.

cause the long run average cost curve to rise

D.

are the result of businesses adopting a divisional structure

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Questions 59

Which ONE of the following was NOT a consequence of the Global Banking Crisis that began in 2007?

Options:

A.

Recession in many developed countries

B.

Increased concern over ability of national governments to borrow

C.

A credit crunch

D.

High monetary inflation

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Questions 60

Why was the Global Banking Crisis of 2007 followed by a credit crunch of low lending?

Options:

A.

Governments sought to reduce aggregate demand to avoid a boom

B.

Households and firms were unwilling to borrow

C.

Banks had lost reserves and could not support high lending

D.

Households had stop saving due to loss of confidence in commercial banks

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Questions 61

Other things remaining equal, which one of the following is likely to increase as a result of the sale by the central bank of a large quantity of government bonds?

Options:

A.

The quantity of money

B.

The yield of government bonds

C.

The liquid reserves of banks

D.

The price of government bonds

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Questions 62

All of the following were features of the financial crisis of 2008 except one. Which ONE is the exception?

Options:

A.

A rise in the volume of mortgage defaults

B.

A chronic shortage of liquidity in the banking system

C.

A severe contraction in inter-bank lending

D.

A sharp fall in rate of interest on inter-bank lending

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Questions 63

Which ONE of the following best explains the statement 'In not for profit organizations money is a constraint and not a goal'?

Options:

A.

Money be ignored because reaching the goals of the organization is all that matters

B.

There is no need for the organization to be efficient

C.

There is a trade off between financial and non-financial goals

D.

Money limits how far the organization can achieve its goals

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Questions 64

Which of the following will be characteristics of the stakeholders most able to influence the management of an organization?

Options:

A.

High power, low interest

B.

High power, high interest

C.

Low power, high interest

D.

Low power, low interest

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Questions 65

In a recession which ONE of the following would be likely to experience the largest fall in demand for its products?

Options:

A.

A manufacturer of industrial machine tools

B.

A chain of supermarket grocery stores

C.

A motor insurance company

D.

A toothpaste manufacturer

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Questions 66

In a fully employed economy, which one of the following would lead to demand pull inflation?

Options:

A.

A reduction in the rate of income tax

B.

A rise in value added tax

C.

An increase in the world price of oil

D.

A rise in interest rates

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Questions 67

In which of the stages of the trade cycle should the management accountant consider forecasting lower sales than in the previous year?

Options:

A.

Recession

B.

Depression

C.

Recovery

D.

Boom

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Questions 68

In a recession, the central bank might adopt a policy of low interest rates. The businesses most likely to benefit from this are those which:

Options:

A.

Sell their products mostly on credit

B.

Have low gearing ratios

C.

Are dependent on imported components and raw materials

D.

Produce services rather than manufactured goods

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Questions 69

The consequences of globalization for national economies include all of the following except which one?

Options:

A.

Greater independence in economic policy making.

B.

Increased international trade and capital flows.

C.

Greater synchronization of trade cycles.

D.

Increased vulnerability to external economic shocks.

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Questions 70

Which global financial institution is responsible for providing stabilization funding to assist developed and developing countries with short term borrowing needs and needs for foreign currency?

Options:

A.

The IMF

B.

The World Bank

C.

The World Trade Organization

D.

The G20

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Exam Code: BA1
Exam Name: Fundamentals of Business Economics
Last Update: May 3, 2024
Questions: 468
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