CTAL-TA_Syll2019 Sample Questions Answers

The correct answer isB.The information exchange between each system and its environment.

The information exchange between each system and its environment

The information exchange between each system and its environment refers to the compatibility and functionality of the systems with respect to the hardware, software, network, and other external factors that may affect their interaction.This type of testing is important to ensure that the systems can operate smoothly and reliably in different scenarios and conditions1.

References=

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Interoperability
• ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Interoperability
• A Simple Guide to Interoperability Testing (with Examples)4, Section 2. How to do Interoperability testing

1-switch coverage means that every possible transition from one state to another is tested at least once. Option C is the only test case that covers the transition from 2nd try to eat card, which is not covered by any other option. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst, page 58, section 4.3.2.2.

The correct answer isD.Traceability documentation.

Traceability documentation

Traceability documentation is a way of linking the requirements and use cases to the test cases, test results, and other artifacts that are related to them. It helps to ensure the completeness, consistency, and coverage of the testing process, as well as to facilitate the impact analysis, change management, and defect tracking.Traceability documentation should be added to the checklist for the requirements/use case review, as it is an important part of the test analyst’s role and responsibilities1.

References=

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 2.1.1 Test Analyst Tasks in the Test Process
• ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 2.1.1 Test Analyst Tasks in the Test Process
• Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) - A Complete Guide4, Section 1. What is Requirements Traceability Matrix?

In a keyword-driven test automation approach, the Test Analyst is responsible for defining the keywords that represent the actions and expected outcomes of the test cases. The keywords are then implemented by a developer or a tool as reusable functions or scripts that can be executed by the test automation framework. For example, the Test Analyst can define keywords such as “transfer”, “check balance”, “verify balance”, etc. for the account transfer user story. These keywords can then be used to design test cases in a data-driven or table-driven format, such as:

Table

Keyword

Parameter 1

Parameter 2

Parameter 3

transfer

Lars

Ann

150

check balance

Ann

-

150

verify balance

Ann

-

150

transfer

Tim

Ann

300

check balance

Ann

-

450

verify balance

Ann

-

450

References = Keyword Driven Testing Framework with Example (Section 1 and 2), What is Keyword Driven Testing: A Detailed Tutorial With Examples (Section 1 and 2), ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst (Section 4.2.1 and 4.2.2)

The correct answer isA.The user should not experience an error that does not have a clear explanation and instructions for correction.

The user should not experience an error that does not have a clear explanation and instructions for correction

User error protection is the degree to which a system protects users against making errors. It includes providing clear and helpful error messages, preventing or minimizing the consequences of errors, and allowing users to recover from errors.In this case, the test condition verifies that the application provides adequate feedback and guidance to the user when an error occurs, such as entering an invalid word, losing network connection, or encountering a system failure1.

References=

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Usability
• ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Usability
• Usability - ISO 250004, Section User error protection

The iterative model is a cyclical process in which the software product is developed and tested incrementally in short cycles called iterations. Each iteration delivers a working version of the product that can be evaluated and improved. Compared to the V-model, which is a linear and sequential process that follows a fixed set of phases and activities, the iterative model requires a reduced set of standard test processes for each iteration, as well as more flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements and feedback. The test analyst and the test team might expect to make this adjustment when working on an iterative model project. References =

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
• What is an iterative approach and what are its benefits?2, section “What is agile, iterative development, or the PDCA cycle?”
• Iterative Model (Software Engineering) - javatpoint3, section “Iterative Model”

The correct answer isD.Automate the testing for the credit card exploratory tests so they can be used for confirmation testing after the defect is fixed.

A.Enter your exploratory test cases with detailed test steps into the Test Management System

This is incorrect because entering the test cases into the Test Management System is not enough to document and track the exploratory testing process. The test cases should also include the expected results, actual results, and defects found during the testing. Moreover, the test cases should be organized into a clear and logical structure that reflects the test charter and scope.

B.Close the session and start a new session with a new charter

This is incorrect because closing and starting a new session with a new charter would mean losing all the information and data collected during the previous session. This would make it difficult to resume and continue the testing process from where it left off. Instead, it would be better to use a consistent and stable session with a single charter that covers all the requirements and features of the system.

C.Continue the session and conduct the testing for debit cards

This is incorrect because continuing the session and conducting only one type of card (debit) would not provide a comprehensive coverage of all possible scenarios and outcomes of accepting credit cards. It would also limit the scope of testing to only one aspect of payment processing, which may not reflect all the business rules, validations, exceptions, or integrations involved in this domain.

D.Automate the testing for the credit card exploratory tests so they can be used for confirmation testing after the defect is fixed

This is correct because automating some or all of the exploratory tests can help to save time, effort, and resources by reducing manual effort and increasing efficiency. It can also help to improve accuracy, consistency, and reliability by eliminating human errors and biases. Moreover, automating some or all of the exploratory tests can enable them to be reused for confirmation testing after fixing any defects found during exploratory testing.Confirmation testing is a type of functional testing that verifies that all requirements are met by performing regression tests on previously tested functionality1.

A decision table is collapsed when duplicate or impossible cases are removed. In this decision table, there are two duplicate cases: column 2 and column 4 have the same actions (A1 and A2), and column 5 and column 6 have the same action (A1). There are also two impossible cases: column 7 and column 8 have no actions, which means that there is no outcome for these combinations of conditions. Therefore, after collapsing the decision table, only two cases are left: column 1 and column 3, which have different actions (A1 and A2 for column 1, and A1 for column 3). References =

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
• Decision Table-Based Testing2, section “Don’t Care Entries and Rule Counts”
• A Guide on Building Decision Tables3, section “How to ensure that the Table is Complete?”

Experience-based test techniques rely on the tester’s knowledge, intuition, and creativity to design and execute tests. They are useful when there are no or poor specifications, limited time, or high-risk areas. Examples of experience-based test techniques are error guessing, exploratory testing, and checklist-based testing. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst, page 67, section 4.5.2.2.

A usability review is a technique that evaluates the usability of a system or product based on a set of criteria or heuristics, without involving the actual users. It can be performed by experts or peers, and it can identify potential usability problems and suggest improvements. A usability review is suitable for situations where the availability of users is limited or impractical, and it can provide quick and low-costfeedback. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst, page 81, section 5.3.2.2.

State transition is a technique that analyzes the behavior of an application for different input conditions and how it changes from one state to another in response to events. It is useful for testing scenarios where the date of reservation is a critical factor that affects the system state and output1

References =

• ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, Section 3.2.2.3, page 432
• State Transition Testing – Diagram & Technique (Example) - Guru993
• State Transition Testing - GeeksforGeeks4

Low-level test cases are more suitable for testing software that controls the braking mechanism for commuter trains, as they provide more detail and specificity for verifying the functionality and safety of the system1. Low-level test cases also use predefined data, which is more reliable and consistent than tester-created data, and can be easily traced to the test conditions and requirements2. High-level test cases are more abstract and vague, and may not cover all the possible scenarios and risks involved in testing such a critical system3.

References = 1: Test Case Design: a Guide for QA Engineers With Examples 2: How to Write Test Cases in Software Testing with Examples 3: Test Case vs Test Scenario – Difference Between Them

Pairwise testing is a technique that reduces the number of test cases by testing only pairs of values for each data item, instead of testing all possible combinations. Pairwise testing is based on the assumption that most defects are caused by interactions of at most two factors. Pairwise testing can be applied to this problem using the classification tree, which shows the data items and their values. By using pairwise testing, the number of test cases will be lower than exhaustive testing, which would require testing every combination of values for each data item. References =

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
• Data Combination Test (DCoT) | TMap2, section “Coverage level”
• Pairwise Software Testing - GeeksforGeeks3, section “Introduction”

Functional correctness testing is a type of testing that verifies whether the system or software performs its intended functions correctly and accurately, according to the specified requirements. It can detect defects such as non-compliance to requirements, calculations that produce incorrect results, and improper handling of data or situations. References = Functional Testing: What Is It, Types, Best Practices, Tools (Section 1.1), ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst (Section 3.1.1)

The agile development model requires the earliest involvement from the test analyst because it is a flexible and iterative approach that delivers software in short cycles called sprints. The test analyst plays a key role in planning, designing, executing, and reporting on the testing activities for each sprint. References =

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Overview of Syllabi1, page 10
• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst2, page 2
• Understanding the SDLC: Software Development Lifecycle Explained3, section “Agile model”

User experience (UX) is a broad term that encompasses the overall impression and satisfaction that a user has when interacting with a software product. It includes aspects such as value, desirability, adaptability, and usability. Usability is a specific aspect of UX that focuses on how easy, efficient, and error-free it is for a user to perform a task or achieve a goal with the product. Usability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a good UX. A product can be usable but not desirable, or desirable but not usable. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst, Section 3.1.1, Usability and User Experience Testing1; Usability vs. User Experience: What’s the Difference? - HubSpot Blog, Section Usability vs. User Experience

Exhibit B is the only state transition diagram that matches the text description of Acme’s elevator door rules. It shows that the doors can transition between four states: Opened, Closing, Closed, and Opening. The transitions are triggered by either commands (open or close) or sensors (opened or closed). The diagram also shows that the open command can reverse the closing state, and the close command can reverse the opening state, as specified in the text. The other exhibits do not show the correct transitions or conditions for the elevator door system. References =

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst, page 2
• State Transition Testing Technique with Diagrams, section “State Transition Diagram”
• State Transition Testing - Tutorialspoint, section “State Transition Diagram”

A 0-switch test case is a test case that covers one transition from one state to another. To achieve 100% 0-switch coverage, all the transitions in the state diagram must be tested. The state diagram has seven states: Login, Menu, Logout, Withdraw, Deposit, Get Balance, and Access Account. There are 13 transitions in the state diagram, as shown by the arrows. Therefore, 13 0-switch test cases are needed. References =

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
• How to Design Test Cases Using State Transition Testing Technique?2, section “0-switch coverage”
• State Transition Testing - Tutorialspoint3, section “State Transition Diagram”

Incident logging and reporting is an important part of incident management, as it helps to document the incident details, communicate the incident status, and analyze the incident causes and impacts1. One of the steps in incident logging and reporting is to identify and log any new risks that have surfaced as a result of the incident2. This helps to assess the severity and priority of the incident, as well as to plan for risk mitigation and contingency actions3. Debugging the code and updating the test automation are not part of incident logging and reporting, but rather part of incident resolution and recovery4. None is not a valid answer, as there is always room for improvement in incident management5.

References = 1: 5 Steps to Create an Effective Incident Reporting Procedure 2: 12 Things To Include In An Incident Report Log (Full Guide) 3: Incident reporting procedure example and flow chart 4: What is incident management? Steps, tips, and best practices 5: Incident Management: Process, System, & Tools

Use cases are a test basis that describe the interactions between the users and the system in terms of scenarios. Use cases capture the functional requirements and the expected outcomes of the system. By visiting locations, spending time with expertusers, and walking through their scenarios, the test analyst is using use cases as the test basis. However, use cases do not provide enough information to validate that the transactions are realistic, such as the prices, discounts, taxes, and fees involved in the car buying process. This information is still missing and needs to be obtained from other sources, such as the business rules or the data model. References =

• ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
• Use Case Testing - Tutorialspoint2, section “Use Case Testing”
• Use Case Testing: A Complete Guide3, section “What is Use Case Testing?”

State transition testing is a technique that tests the behaviour of a system or component based on its transitions between states in response to events. It is suitable for testing systems that have complex interactions and dependencies, such as a car navigation system that needs to integrate with other car software components. State transition testing can verify the functional correctness of the system by checking if it responds correctly to different inputs and events, and if it reaches the expected states and outputs. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst, page 54, section 4.2.2.2.