NSE4_FGT-7.2 Sample Questions Answers

https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/6.2.0/cookbook/351998/creating-automation-stitches

https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.0.0/new-features/739623/dns-filter-handled-by-ips-engine-in-flow-mode

SSL Inspection Profile, on the Inspection method there are 2 options to choose from, SSL Certificate Inspection or Full SSL Inspection. FG SEC 7.2 Studi Guide: Full SSL Inspection level is the only choice that allows antivirus to be effective.

C: "Operating mode is per-VDOM setting. You can combine transparent mode VDOM's with NAT mode VDOMs on the same physical Fortigate.

D: "Inspection-mode selection has moved from VDOM to firewall policy, and the default inspection-mode is flow, so NGFW Mode can be changed from Profile-base (Default) to Policy-base directly in System > Settings from the VDOM" Page 125 of FortiGate_Infrastructure_6.4_Study_Guide QUESTION NO: 23 51 Which statement is correct regarding the inspection of some of the services available by web applications embedded in third-party websites? A. The security actions applied on the web applications will also be explicitly applied on the third-party websites.

B. The application signature database inspects traffic only from the original web application server.

C. FortiGuard maintains only one signature of each web application that is unique.

D. FortiGate can inspect sub-application traffic regardless where it was originated.

Answer: D

https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/6.2.4/cookbook/632796/ospf-with-ipsec-vpn-for-network-redundancy

FortiGate Infrastructure 7.2 Study Guide (p.198): "Tunnel mode requires FortiClient to connect to FortiGate. FortiClient adds a virtual network adapter identified as fortissl to the user’s PC. This virtual adapter dynamically receives an IP address from FortiGate each time FortiGate establishes a new VPN connection. Inside the tunnel, all traffic is SSL/TLS encapsulated. The main advantage of tunnel mode over web mode is that after the VPN is established, any IP network application running on the client can send traffic through the tunnel."

An SSL VPN tunnel allows remote users to establish a secure and encrypted Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection to the private network using the SSL/TLS protocol1. An SSL VPN tunnel can provide access to network resources such as FTP servers, as well as external applications running on the user’s PC1.

An SSL VPN bookmark is a web link that provides access to network resources through the SSL VPN web portal1. It does not support external applications running on the user’s PC.

Zero trust network access (ZTNA) is a security model that provides role-based application access to remote users without exposing the private network to the internet2. It does not use SSL/TLS protocol, but rather a proprietary ZTNA protocol.

SSL VPN quick connection is a feature that allows users to connect to an SSL VPN tunnel without installing FortiClient or any other software on their PC3. It requires a web browser that supports Java or ActiveX. It does not support external applications running on the user’s PC.

They can play video (tick) content hosted on Facebook, but they are unable to leave reactions on videos or other types of posts. This indicate that the rule are partially working as they can watch video but cant react, i.e. liking the content. So must be an issue with the SSL inspection rather then adding an app rule.

https://help.fortinet.com/fos50hlp/54/Content/FortiOS/fortigate-firewall-52/Firewall%20Objects/Virtual%20IPs.

Port 1 shows the lowest latency.

FortiGate_Security_6.4 page 155 . In one-to-one, PAT is not required.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide (p.317): "You can configure the URL Category within the same security policy; however, adding a URL filter causes application control to scan applications in only the browser-based technology category, for example, Facebook Messenger on the Facebook website."

Fortigate Infrastructure 7.2 Study Guide page 301

FortiGate Infrastructure 7.2 Study Guide (p.301):

"FGCP automatically assigns the heartbeat IP addresses based on the serial number of each device. The IP address 169.254.0.1 is assigned to the device with the highest serial number."

"A change in the heartbeat IP addresses may happen when a FortiGate device joins or leaves the cluster."

"The HA cluster uses the heartbeat IP addresses to distinguish the cluster members and synchronize data."

https://networkinterview.com/fortigate-ha-high-availability/

FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide (p.310): "Then, FortiGate scans packets for matches, in this order, for the application control profile: 1. Application and filter overrides: If you have configured any application overrides or filter overrides, the application control profile considers those first. It looks for a matching override starting at the top of the list, like firewall policies. 2. Categories: Finally, the application control profile applies the action that you’ve configured for applications in your selected categories."

ISDB static route will not create entry directly in routing-table. Reference: https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Tip-Creating-a-static-route-for-Predefined-Internet/ta-p/198756

and here https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Tip-Verify-the-matching-policy-route/ta-p/190640

FortiGate Infrastructure 7.2 Study Guide (p.16 and p.59): "Even though they are configured as static routes, ISDB routes are actually policy routes and take precedence over any other routes in the routing table. As such, ISDB routes are added to the policy routing table." "FortiOS maintains a policy route table that you can view by running the diagnose firewall proute list command."

FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide (p.59): "When configuring your firewall policy, you can use Internet Service as the destination in a firewall policy, which contains all the IP addresses, ports, and protocols used by that service. For the same reason, you cannot mix regular address objects with ISDB objects, and you cannot select services on a firewall policy. The ISDB objects already have services information, which is hardcoded."

This is true because Internet Service is a special type of destination object that can only be used alone in a firewall policy. Internet Service is a feature that allows FortiGate to identify and filter traffic based on the internet service or application that it belongs to, such as Facebook, YouTube, Skype, etc. Internet Service uses a database of IP addresses and ports that are associated with each internet service or application, and updates it regularly from FortiGuard. When Internet Service is selected as the destination in a firewall policy, FortiGate will match the traffic to the corresponding internet service or application, and apply the appropriate action and security profiles to it. However, Internet Service cannot be combined with any other destination object, such as IP address, FQDN address, user or user group, etc., as this would create a conflict or ambiguity in the firewall policy. Therefore, no other object can be added if Internet Service is already selected as the destination in a firewall policy

Dialup user is used when the remote peer's IP address is unknown. The remote peer whose IP address is unknown acts as the dialup clien and this is often the case for branch offices and mobile VPN clients that use dynamic IP address and no dynamic DNS

FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide (p.287-288): "Flags: D (IP returned from DNS), I (Contract server contacted), T (being timed), F (failed)" "By default, FortiGate is configured to enforce the use of HTTPS port 443 to perform live filtering with FortiGuard or FortiManager. Other ports and protocols are available by disabling the FortiGuard anycast setting on the CLI."

https://help.fortinet.com/fos50hlp/54/Content/FortiOS/fortigate-whats-new-54/Top_VirtualWirePair.htm

Which three authentication timeout types are availability for selection on FortiGate? (Choose three.)

A. hard-timeout

B. auth-on-demand

C. soft-timeout

D. new-session

E. Idle-timeout

Answer: ADE

https://kb.fortinet.com/kb/documentLink.do?externalID=FD37221

FortiGate Infrastructure 7.2 Study Guide (p.317 & p.320): "To forward traffic correctly, a FortiGate HA solution uses virtual MAC addresses." "The primary forwards the SYN packet to the selected secondary. (...) This is also known as MAC address rewrite. In addition, the primary encapsulates the packet in an Ethernet frame type 0x8891. The encapsulation is done only for the first packet of a load balanced session. The encapsulated packet includes the original packet plus session information that the secondary requires to process the traffic."

https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Note-How-to-use-emac-vlan-to-share-the-same-VLAN/ta-p/192843?externalID=FD43883

When FortiGate is operating in NAT mode, it means that it uses network address translation (NAT) to modify the source or destination IP addresses of the traffic passing through it1. NAT mode allows FortiGate to hide the IP addresses of the internal network from the external network, and to conserve IP addresses by using a single public IP address for multiple private IP addresses1.

A virtual LAN (VLAN) subinterface is a logical interface that allows traffic from different VLANs to enter and exit the FortiGate unit2. A VLAN subinterface is created by adding a VLAN ID to a physical interface or an aggregate interface2. A VLAN ID is a numerical identifier that distinguishes one VLAN from another2.

In this scenario, there are two requirements for the VLAN ID of the VLAN subinterfaces added to the same physical interface:

• The two VLAN subinterfaces must have different VLAN IDs. This is because the VLAN ID is used to tag the traffic with the appropriate VLAN information, and to separate the traffic into different VLANs2. If the two VLAN subinterfaces have the same VLAN ID, they will not be able to distinguish the traffic from each other, and they will not be able to forward the traffic to the correct destination.
• The two VLAN subinterfaces can have the same VLAN ID, only if they belong to different VDOMs. This is because VDOMs are virtual instances of FortiGate that can have their own interfaces, policies, and routing tables3. Each VDOM operates independently from other VDOMs, and can have its own VLAN subinterfaces with different or identical VLAN IDs3. However, this requires inter-VDOM links to allow traffic between different VDOMs3.

An aggregate interface is a logical interface that combines two or more physical interfaces into one virtual interface1. An aggregate interface can increase network bandwidth and provide redundancy by distributing traffic across multiple physical interfaces using a load balancing algorithm1. An aggregate interface can also support link aggregation control protocol (LACP) to negotiate the link aggregation settings with the connected device1.

https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Tip-Firewall-does-not-block-incoming-WAN-to-LAN/ta-p/189641

The exhibits show a network diagram and firewall configurations for a FortiGate unit that has two policies: Allow_access and Deny. The Allow_access policy allows traffic from the WAN (port1) interface to the LAN (port3) interface with the destination address of VIP and the service of HTTPS. The VIP object maps the external IP address 10.200.1.10 and port 10443 to the internal IP address 10.0.1.10 and port 443 of the Webserver. The Deny policy denies traffic from the WAN (port1) interface to the LAN (port3) interface with the source address of Deny_IP and the destination address of All.

In this scenario, the administrator wants to deny Webserver access for Remote-User2, who has the IP address 10.200.3.2, which is included in the Deny_IP address object. Remote-User1, who has the IP address 10.200.3.1, must be able to access the Webserver.

To achieve this goal, the administrator can make two changes to deny Webserver access for Remote-User2:

• Set the Destination address as Webserver in the Deny policy. This will make the Deny policy more specific and match only the traffic that is destined for the Webserver’s internal IP address, instead of any destination address.
• Enable match-vip in the Deny policy. This will make the Deny policy apply to traffic that matches a VIP object, instead of ignoring it1. This way, the Deny policy will block Remote-User2’s traffic that uses the VIP object’s external IP address and port.

Study Guide – IPsec VPN – IPsec configuration – Phase 1 Network.

When Dead Peer Detection (DPD) is enabled, DPD probes are sent to detect a failed tunnel and bring it down before its IPsec SAs expire. This failure detection mechanism is very useful when you have redundant paths to the same destination, and you want to failover to a backup connection when the primary connection fails to keep the connectivity between the sites up.

There are three DPD modes. On demand is the default mode.

Study Guide – IPsec VPN – Redundant VPNs.

Add one phase 1 configuration for each tunnel. DPD should be enabled on both ends.

Add at least one phase 2 definition for each phase 1.

Add one static route for each path. Use distance or priority to select primary routes over backup routes (routes for the primary VPN must have a lower distance or lower priority than the backup). Alternatively, use dynamic routing.

Configure FW policies for each IPsec interface.

Strict Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) is a security feature that is used to detect and prevent IP spoofing attacks on a network. It works by checking the routing information for incoming packets to ensure that they are coming from the source address that is indicated in the packet's header. In strict RPF mode, the firewall will check the best route back to the source of the incoming packet using the incoming interface. If the packet's source address does not match the route back to the source, the packet is dropped. This helps to prevent attackers from spoofing their IP address and attempting to access the network.

You can deploy FSSO w/o installing an agent. FG polls the DCs directly, instead of receiving logon info indirectly from a collector agent.

Because FG collects all of the data itself, agentless polling mode requires greater system resources, and it doesn't scale as easily.

Agentless polling mode operates in a similar way to WinSecLog, but with only two event IDs: 4768 and 4769. Because there's no collector agent, FG uses the SMB protocol to read the event viewer logs from the DCs.

FG acts as a collector. It 's responsible for polling on top of its normal FSSO tasks but does not have all the extra features, such as workstation checks, that are available with the external collector agent.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide (p.385): "The IPS engine is responsible for most of the features shown in this lesson: IPS and protocol decoders. It’s also responsible for application control, flow-based antivirus protection, web filtering, and email filtering."

FortiGate Infrastructure 7.2 Study Guide (p.59): "ISDB routes and SD-WAN rules are assigned an ID higher than 65535. However, SD-WAN rule entries include the vwl_service field, and ISDB route entries don’t."