Professional-Data-Engineer Sample Questions Answers

Questions 4

You need to compose visualization for operations teams with the following requirements:

Telemetry must include data from all 50,000 installations for the most recent 6 weeks (sampling once every minute)

The report must not be more than 3 hours delayed from live data.

The actionable report should only show suboptimal links.

Most suboptimal links should be sorted to the top.

Suboptimal links can be grouped and filtered by regional geography.

User response time to load the report must be <5 seconds.

You create a data source to store the last 6 weeks of data, and create visualizations that allow viewers to see multiple date ranges, distinct geographic regions, and unique installation types. You always show the latest data without any changes to your visualizations. You want to avoid creating and updating new visualizations each month. What should you do?

Options:

Look through the current data and compose a series of charts and tables, one for each possiblecombination of criteria.

Look through the current data and compose a small set of generalized charts and tables bound to criteria filters that allow value selection.

Export the data to a spreadsheet, compose a series of charts and tables, one for each possiblecombination of criteria, and spread them across multiple tabs.

Load the data into relational database tables, write a Google App Engine application that queries all rows, summarizes the data across each criteria, and then renders results using the Google Charts and visualization API.

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Questions 5

You have spent a few days loading data from comma-separated values (CSV) files into the Google BigQuery table CLICK_STREAM. The column DT stores the epoch time of click events. For convenience, you chose a simple schema where every field is treated as the STRING type. Now, you want to compute web session durations of users who visit your site, and you want to change its data type to the TIMESTAMP. You want to minimize the migration effort without making future queries computationally expensive. What should you do?

Options:

Delete the table CLICK_STREAM, and then re-create it such that the column DT is of the TIMESTAMP type. Reload the data.

Add a column TS of the TIMESTAMP type to the table CLICK_STREAM, and populate the numeric values from the column TS for each row. Reference the column TS instead of the column DT from now on.

Create a view CLICK_STREAM_V, where strings from the column DT are cast into TIMESTAMP values. Reference the view CLICK_STREAM_V instead of the table CLICK_STREAM from now on.

Add two columns to the table CLICK STREAM: TS of the TIMESTAMP type and IS_NEW of the BOOLEAN type. Reload all data in append mode. For each appended row, set the value of IS_NEW to true. For future queries, reference the column TS instead of the column DT, with the WHERE clause ensuring that the value of IS_NEW must be true.

Construct a query to return every row of the table CLICK_STREAM, while using the built-in function to cast strings from the column DT into TIMESTAMP values. Run the query into a destination table NEW_CLICK_STREAM, in which the column TS is the TIMESTAMP type. Reference the table NEW_CLICK_STREAM instead of the table CLICK_STREAM from now on. In the future, new data is loaded into the table NEW_CLICK_STREAM.

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Questions 6

MJTelco is building a custom interface to share data. They have these requirements:

They need to do aggregations over their petabyte-scale datasets.

They need to scan specific time range rows with a very fast response time (milliseconds).

Which combination of Google Cloud Platform products should you recommend?

Options:

Cloud Datastore and Cloud Bigtable

Cloud Bigtable and Cloud SQL

BigQuery and Cloud Bigtable

BigQuery and Cloud Storage

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Questions 7

You are building new real-time data warehouse for your company and will use Google BigQuery streaming inserts. There is no guarantee that data will only be sent in once but you do have a unique ID for each row of data and an event timestamp. You want to ensure that duplicates are not included while interactively querying data. Which query type should you use?

Options:

Include ORDER BY DESK on timestamp column and LIMIT to 1.

Use GROUP BY on the unique ID column and timestamp column and SUM on the values.

Use the LAG window function with PARTITION by unique ID along with WHERE LAG IS NOT NULL.

Use the ROW_NUMBER window function with PARTITION by unique ID along with WHERE row equals 1.

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Questions 8

You create a new report for your large team in Google Data Studio 360. The report uses Google BigQuery as its data source. It is company policy to ensure employees can view only the data associated with their region, so you create and populate a table for each region. You need to enforce the regional access policy to the data.

Which two actions should you take? (Choose two.)

Options:

Ensure all the tables are included in global dataset.

Ensure each table is included in a dataset for a region.

Adjust the settings for each table to allow a related region-based security group view access.

Adjust the settings for each view to allow a related region-based security group view access.

Adjust the settings for each dataset to allow a related region-based security group view access.

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Questions 9

Your company built a TensorFlow neural-network model with a large number of neurons and layers. The model fits well for the training data. However, when tested against new data, it performs poorly. What method can you employ to address this?

Options:

Threading

Serialization

Dropout Methods

Dimensionality Reduction

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Questions 10

Given the record streams MJTelco is interested in ingesting per day, they are concerned about the cost of Google BigQuery increasing. MJTelco asks you to provide a design solution. They require a single large data table called tracking_table. Additionally, they want to minimize the cost of daily queries while performing fine-grained analysis of each day’s events. They also want to use streaming ingestion. What should you do?

Options:

Create a table called tracking_table and include a DATE column.

Create a partitioned table called tracking_table and include a TIMESTAMP column.

Create sharded tables for each day following the pattern tracking_table_YYYYMMDD.

Create a table called tracking_table with a TIMESTAMP column to represent the day.

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Questions 11

You want to schedule a number of sequential load and transformation jobs Data files will be added to a Cloud Storage bucket by an upstream process There is no fixed schedule for when the new data arrives Next, a Dataproc job is triggered to perform some transformations and write the data to BigQuery. You then need to run additional transformation jobs in BigQuery The transformation jobs are different for every table These jobs might take hours to complete You need to determine the most efficient and maintainable workflow to process hundreds of tables and provide the freshest data to your end users. What should you do?

Options:

1Create an Apache Airflow directed acyclic graph (DAG) in Cloud Composer with sequential tasks by using the Cloud Storage. Dataproc. and BigQuery operators2 Use a single shared DAG for all tables that need to go through the pipeline3 Schedule the DAG to run hourly

1 Create an Apache Airflow directed acyclic graph (DAG) in Cloud Composer with sequential tasks by using the Dataproc and BigQuery operators.2 Create a separate DAG for each table that needs to go through the pipeline3 Use a Cloud Storage object trigger to launch a Cloud Function that triggers the DAG

1 Create an Apache Airflow directed acyclic graph (DAG) in Cloud Composer with sequential tasks by using the Cloud Storage, Dataproc. and BigQuery operators2 Create a separate DAG for each table that needs to go through the pipeline3 Schedule the DAGs to run hourly

1 Create an Apache Airflow directed acyclic graph (DAG) in Cloud Composer with sequential tasks by using the Dataproc and BigQuery operators2 Use a single shared DAG for all tables that need to go through the pipeline.3 Use a Cloud Storage object trigger to launch a Cloud Function that triggers the DAG

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Questions 12

You need to create a near real-time inventory dashboard that reads the main inventory tables in your BigQuery data warehouse. Historical inventory data is stored as inventory balances by item and location. You have several thousand updates to inventory every hour. You want to maximize performance of the dashboard and ensure that the data is accurate. What should you do?

Options:

Leverage BigQuery UPDATE statements to update the inventory balances as they are changing.

Partition the inventory balance table by item to reduce the amount of data scanned with each inventory update.

Use the BigQuery streaming the stream changes into a daily inventory movement table. Calculate balances in a view that joins it to the historical inventory balance table. Update the inventory balance table nightly.

Use the BigQuery bulk loader to batch load inventory changes into a daily inventory movement table. Calculate balances in a view that joins it to the historical inventory balance table. Update the inventory balance table nightly.

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Questions 13

You want to encrypt the customer data stored in BigQuery. You need to implement for-user crypto-deletion on data stored in your tables. You want to adopt native features in Google Cloud to avoid custom solutions. What should you do?

Options:

Create a customer-managed encryption key (CMEK) in Cloud KMS. Associate the key to the table while creating the table.

Create a customer-managed encryption key (CMEK) in Cloud KMS. Use the key to encrypt data before storing in BigQuery.

Implement Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) BigQuery functions while storing your data in BigQuery.

Encrypt your data during ingestion by using a cryptographic library supported by your ETL pipeline.

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Questions 14

You monitor and optimize the BigQuery instance for your team. You notice that a particular daily report that uses a large JOIN operation is consistently slow. You want to examine the query's execution plan to identify potential performance bottlenecks within the JOIN as quickly as possible. What should you do?

Options:

Review the BigQuery audit logs in Cloud Logging.

Run a query on the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.JOBS_BY_PROJECT view filtering by the job_id and analyze total_bytes_processed.

Leverage BigQuery's Query History view and analyze the execution graph.

Use the bq query --dry_run command to review the estimated number of bytes read and review query syntax.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To identify performance bottlenecks within a specific operation like a JOIN, you need to see the "Execution Details" or the Execution Graph. This tool provides a visual representation of the query plan, showing each stage of the query (Input, Compute, Output) and where the most time or resources were consumed.

Why C is correct: The Query History (or Job History) in the BigQuery console allows you to select a completed job and view its Execution Graph. This graph explicitly breaks down performance by stage, showing wait times, read times, and compute times. It is specifically designed to identify "bottlenecks" such as Data Skew or Shuffle issues during JOIN operations.

Correcting other options:

A (Audit Logs): Cloud Logging provides high-level metadata (who ran the query, when, and how much it cost), but it does not provide the granular execution plan details required to diagnose a JOIN bottleneck.

B (INFORMATION_SCHEMA): While this view provides great historical data for overall job performance (like total bytes or duration), it is tabular and less efficient than the visual Execution Graph for quickly spotting which specific stage of a complex JOIN is slow.

D (Dry Run): A dry run only estimates the number of bytes that will be read and checks syntax. It does not actually execute the query or generate a performance plan based on real data distribution, so it cannot identify execution bottlenecks.

[Reference: Google Cloud Documentation on BigQuery Query Plan and Execution Graph:, "The execution graph provides a visual representation of the query plan... You can use the execution graph to help you understand how a query is executed and to identify performance issues. For example, you can use it to identify stages that take a long time to complete or that process a large amount of data." (Source: BigQuery query plan and timeline), "In the Google Cloud console, you can see the details of the query plan for a completed query by clicking the Execution graph tab in the Query results section... It displays information about each stage of the query, including the number of records read/written and the time spent." (Source: Monitor query performance), , , ]

Questions 15

You are building a Dataflow pipeline to ingest customer feedback. Before loading to your data warehouse, you must validate email addresses and enrich unstructured comment strings with a generative AI sentiment classification. Invalid records need to be routed for manual review. How should you implement this pipeline?

Options:

Apply a ParDo transform in Dataflow to validate each element, use a RunInference transform to assign sentiment scores, and use side outputs to route valid/invalid records.

After the Dataflow load completes, execute a Cloud Run function to scan for invalid entries and call Vertex AI to assign sentiment scores.

Use Dataflow to load all data into BigQuery and execute a SQL MERGE statement to flag invalid records and BigQuery ML to assign sentiment scores.

Configure the data source system to pre-validate data before sending it to Dataflow and use the BigQuery ML.GENERATE_TEXT command to assign a sentiment score.

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Answer:

Explanation:

This scenario requires a sophisticated streaming or batch ETL pipeline involving validation, AI enrichment, and branching logic. Apache Beam (Dataflow) is the standard tool for this on Google Cloud.

Validation via ParDo: A ParDo (Parallel Do) transform is the fundamental way to perform element-wise logic in Dataflow. It can be used to run regex or validation logic on email strings for every record in the stream.

Enrichment via RunInference: For integrating Generative AI or machine learning models into a Dataflow pipeline, the RunInference transform is the Google-recommended approach. It manages model loading and optimization (batching requests) to services like Vertex AI or local models, allowing for efficient sentiment classification during the "flight" of the data.

Routing via Side Outputs: This is a key feature of Apache Beam. While a transform usually produces one main output, Side Outputs allow a single ParDo to emit data to multiple "p-collections." One collection can contain valid records destined for the data warehouse, while another contains invalid records routed to a "dead-letter" bucket or table for manual review.

Correcting other options:

B & C: These are "post-processing" approaches. Moving invalid data into a warehouse or a secondary service after the load increases complexity and cost, and violates the requirement to validate and enrich before loading.

D: Relying on the source system for validation is often impossible in real-world data engineering where you don't control the source, and using BigQuery ML after the fact doesn't address the requirement of routing invalid records within the pipeline.

[Reference: Google Cloud Documentation on Dataflow and Apache Beam:, "Side outputs are a powerful feature of the Beam model that allow you to produce multiple output PCollections from a single ParDo. This is useful for routing data to different destinations based on certain criteria, such as sending malformed data to a dead-letter queue." (Source: Apache Beam Programming Guide - Additional Outputs), "The RunInference transform lets you perform internal and external model inference within your pipeline... It handles the complexities of using machine learning models in a distributed data processing system." (Source: Dataflow ML - Use RunInference), ]

Questions 16

Your organization stores employee information in a BigQuery dataset. Your human resources (HR) admin team requires full access to the data, but the HR analyst team needs to conduct salary analysis without being able to access personally identifiable information (PII). You want to ensure that users have the correct level of access for their role managed through Dataplex, while reducing data duplication. What should you do?

Options:

Create an authorized view to limit data access based on a user role.

Create and assign policy tags based on user role to the PII columns in BigQuery.

Create a new dataset for salary analysis and use data masking to obfuscate all fields related to an individual.

Create a new dataset and use Cloud Data Loss Prevention (Cloud DLP) to mask PII in the BigQuery table.

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Questions 17

Your company maintains a hybrid deployment with GCP, where analytics are performed on your anonymized customer data. The data are imported to Cloud Storage from your data center through parallel uploads to a data transfer server running on GCP. Management informs you that the daily transfers take too long and have

asked you to fix the problem. You want to maximize transfer speeds. Which action should you take?

Options:

Increase the CPU size on your server.

Increase the size of the Google Persistent Disk on your server.

Increase your network bandwidth from your datacenter to GCP.

Increase your network bandwidth from Compute Engine to Cloud Storage.

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Questions 18

You work for a large real estate firm and are preparing 6 TB of home sales data lo be used for machine learning You will use SOL to transform the data and use BigQuery ML lo create a machine learning model. You plan to use the model for predictions against a raw dataset that has not been transformed. How should you set up your workflow in order to prevent skew at prediction time?

Options:

When creating your model, use BigQuerys TRANSFORM clause to define preprocessing stops. At prediction time, use BigQuery"s ML. EVALUATE clause without specifying any transformations on the raw input data.

When creating your model, use BigQuery's TRANSFORM clause to define preprocessing steps Before requesting predictions, use a saved query to transform your raw input data, and then use ML. EVALUATE

Use a BigOuery to define your preprocessing logic. When creating your model, use the view as your model training data. At prediction lime, use BigQuery's ML EVALUATE clause without specifying any transformations on the raw input data.

Preprocess all data using Dataflow. At prediction time, use BigOuery"s ML. EVALUATE clause without specifying any further transformations on the input data.

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Questions 19

You have created an external table for Apache Hive partitioned data that resides in a Cloud Storage bucket, which contains a large number of files. You notice that queries against this table are slow. You want to improve the performance of these queries What should you do?

Options:

Migrate the Hive partitioned data objects to a multi-region Cloud Storage bucket.

Create an individual external table for each Hive partition by using a common table name prefix Use wildcard table queries to reference the partitioned data.

Change the storage class of the Hive partitioned data objects from Coldline to Standard.

Upgrade the external table to a BigLake table Enable metadata caching for the table.

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Questions 20

You are testing a Dataflow pipeline to ingest and transform text files. The files are compressed gzip, errors are written to a dead-letter queue, and you are using Sidelnputs to join data You noticed that the pipeline is taking longer to complete than expected, what should you do to expedite the Dataflow job?

Options:

Switch to compressed Avro files

Reduce the batch size

Retry records that throw an error

Use CoGroupByKey instead of the Sidelnput

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Questions 21

You work for a large ecommerce company. You store your customers order data in Bigtable. You have a garbage collection policy set to delete the data after 30 days and the number of versions is set to 1. When the data analysts run a query to report total customer spending, the analysts sometimes see customer data that is older than 30 days. You need to ensure that the analysts do not see customer data older than 30 days while minimizing cost and overhead. What should you do?

Options:

Set the expiring values of the column families to 30 days and set the number of versions to 2.

Use a timestamp range filter in the query to fetch the customer's data for a specific range.

Set the expiring values of the column families to 29 days and keep the number of versions to 1.

Schedule a job daily to scan the data in the table and delete data older than 30 days.

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Questions 22

Your company receives both batch- and stream-based event data. You want to process the data using Google Cloud Dataflow over a predictable time period. However, you realize that in some instances data can arrive late or out of order. How should you design your Cloud Dataflow pipeline to handle data that is late or out of order?

Options:

Set a single global window to capture all the data.

Set sliding windows to capture all the lagged data.

Use watermarks and timestamps to capture the lagged data.

Ensure every datasource type (stream or batch) has a timestamp, and use the timestamps to define the logic for lagged data.

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Questions 23

An external customer provides you with a daily dump of data from their database. The data flows into Google Cloud Storage GCS as comma-separated values (CSV) files. You want to analyze this data in Google BigQuery, but the data could have rows that are formatted incorrectly or corrupted. How should you build this pipeline?

Options:

Use federated data sources, and check data in the SQL query.

Enable BigQuery monitoring in Google Stackdriver and create an alert.

Import the data into BigQuery using the gcloud CLI and set max_bad_records to 0.

Run a Google Cloud Dataflow batch pipeline to import the data into BigQuery, and push errors to another dead-letter table for analysis.

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Questions 24

You are deploying 10,000 new Internet of Things devices to collect temperature data in your warehouses globally. You need to process, store and analyze these very large datasets in real time. What should you do?

Options:

Send the data to Google Cloud Datastore and then export to BigQuery.

Send the data to Google Cloud Pub/Sub, stream Cloud Pub/Sub to Google Cloud Dataflow, and store the data in Google BigQuery.

Send the data to Cloud Storage and then spin up an Apache Hadoop cluster as needed in Google Cloud Dataproc whenever analysis is required.

Export logs in batch to Google Cloud Storage and then spin up a Google Cloud SQL instance, import the data from Cloud Storage, and run an analysis as needed.

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Questions 25

You work for a car manufacturer and have set up a data pipeline using Google Cloud Pub/Sub to capture anomalous sensor events. You are using a push subscription in Cloud Pub/Sub that calls a custom HTTPS endpoint that you have created to take action of these anomalous events as they occur. Your custom HTTPS endpoint keeps getting an inordinate amount of duplicate messages. What is the most likely cause of these duplicate messages?

Options:

The message body for the sensor event is too large.

Your custom endpoint has an out-of-date SSL certificate.

The Cloud Pub/Sub topic has too many messages published to it.

Your custom endpoint is not acknowledging messages within the acknowledgement deadline.

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Questions 26

You designed a database for patient records as a pilot project to cover a few hundred patients in three clinics. Your design used a single database table to represent all patients and their visits, and you used self-joins to generate reports. The server resource utilization was at 50%. Since then, the scope of the project has expanded. The database must now store 100 times more patientrecords. You can no longer run the reports, because they either take too long or they encounter errors with insufficient compute resources. How should you adjust the database design?

Options:

Add capacity (memory and disk space) to the database server by the order of 200.

Shard the tables into smaller ones based on date ranges, and only generate reports with prespecified date ranges.

Normalize the master patient-record table into the patient table and the visits table, and create other necessary tables to avoid self-join.

Partition the table into smaller tables, with one for each clinic. Run queries against the smaller table pairs, and use unions for consolidated reports.

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Questions 27

You have a data pipeline that writes data to Cloud Bigtable using well-designed row keys. You want to monitor your pipeline to determine when to increase the size of you Cloud Bigtable cluster. Which two actions can you take to accomplish this? Choose 2 answers.

Options:

Review Key Visualizer metrics. Increase the size of the Cloud Bigtable cluster when the Read pressure index is above 100.

Review Key Visualizer metrics. Increase the size of the Cloud Bigtable cluster when the Write pressure index is above 100.

Monitor the latency of write operations. Increase the size of the Cloud Bigtable cluster when there is a sustained increase in write latency.

Monitor storage utilization. Increase the size of the Cloud Bigtable cluster when utilization increases above 70% of max capacity.

Monitor latency of read operations. Increase the size of the Cloud Bigtable cluster of read operations take longer than 100 ms.

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Questions 28

You need ads data to serve Al models and historical data tor analytics longtail and outlier data points need to be identified You want to cleanse the data n near-reel time before running it through Al models What should you do?

Options:

Use BigQuery to ingest prepare and then analyze the data and then run queries to create views

Use Cloud Storage as a data warehouse shell scripts tor processing, and BigQuery to create views tor desired datasets

Use Dataflow to identity longtail and outber data points programmatically with BigQuery as a sink

Use Cloud Composer to identify longtail and outlier data points, and then output a usable dataset to BigQuery

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Questions 29

You need to look at BigQuery data from a specific table multiple times a day. The underlying table you are querying is several petabytes in size, but you want to filter your data and provide simple aggregations to downstream users. You want to run queries faster and get up-to-date insights quicker. What should you do?

Options:

Run a scheduled query to pull the necessary data at specific intervals daily.

Create a materialized view based off of the query being run.

Use a cached query to accelerate time to results.

Limit the query columns being pulled in the final result.

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Questions 30

You orchestrate ETL pipelines by using Cloud Composer One of the tasks in the Apache Airflow directed acyclic graph (DAG) relies on a third-party service. You want to be notified when the task does not succeed. What should you do?

Options:

Configure a Cloud Monitoring alert on the sla_missed metric associated with the task at risk to trigger a notification.

Assign a function with notification logic to the sla_miss_callback parameter for the operator responsible for the task at risk.

Assign a function with notification logic to the on_retry_callback parameter for the operator responsible for the task at risk.

Assign a function with notification logic to the on_failure_callback parameter for the operator responsible for the task at risk.

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Questions 31

Your team has created several BigQuery curated datasets containing anonymized industry benchmark data. You want to make these datasets easily discoverable and accessible for querying by external partner companies within their own Google Cloud projects. You need a secure and scalable solution. What should you do?

Options:

Grant the roles/bigquery.dataViewer IAM role to the partner group email addresses on the datasets.

Publish the datasets as listings within BigQuery sharing (Analytics Hub).

Create authorized views for each dataset and grant access to each partner.

Export the datasets to partner-specific Cloud Storage buckets.

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Questions 32

You’re using Bigtable for a real-time application, and you have a heavy load that is a mix of read and writes. You’ve recently identified an additional use case and need to perform hourly an analytical job to calculate certain statistics across the whole database. You need to ensure both the reliability of your production application as well as the analytical workload.

What should you do?

Options:

Export Bigtable dump to GCS and run your analytical job on top of the exported files.

Add a second cluster to an existing instance with a multi-cluster routing, use live-traffic app profile for your regular workload and batch-analytics profile for the analytics workload.

Add a second cluster to an existing instance with a single-cluster routing, use live-traffic app profile for your regular workload and batch-analytics profile for the analytics workload.

Increase the size of your existing cluster twice and execute your analytics workload on your new resized cluster.

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Questions 33

Your company is implementing a data warehouse using BigQuery, and you have been tasked with designing the data model You move your on-premises sales data warehouse with a star data schema to BigQuery but notice performance issues when querying the data of the past 30 days Based on Google's recommended practices, what should you do to speed up the query without increasing storage costs?

Options:

Denormalize the data

Shard the data by customer ID

Materialize the dimensional data in views

Partition the data by transaction date

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Questions 34

What is the general recommendation when designing your row keys for a Cloud Bigtable schema?

Options:

Include multiple time series values within the row key

Keep the row keep as an 8 bit integer

Keep your row key reasonably short

Keep your row key as long as the field permits

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Questions 35

Your company uses a proprietary system to send inventory data every 6 hours to a data ingestion service in the cloud. Transmitted data includes a payload of several fields and the timestamp of the transmission. If there are any concerns about a transmission, the system re-transmits the data. How should you deduplicate the data most efficiency?

Options:

Assign global unique identifiers (GUID) to each data entry.

Compute the hash value of each data entry, and compare it with all historical data.

Store each data entry as the primary key in a separate database and apply an index.

Maintain a database table to store the hash value and other metadata for each data entry.

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Questions 36

You are working on a sensitive project involving private user data. You have set up a project on Google Cloud Platform to house your work internally. An external consultant is going to assist with coding a complex transformation in a Google Cloud Dataflow pipeline for your project. How should you maintain users’ privacy?

Options:

Grant the consultant the Viewer role on the project.

Grant the consultant the Cloud Dataflow Developer role on the project.

Create a service account and allow the consultant to log on with it.

Create an anonymized sample of the data for the consultant to work with in a different project.

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Questions 37

Your startup has never implemented a formal security policy. Currently, everyone in the company has access to the datasets stored in Google BigQuery. Teams have freedom to use the service as they see fit, and they have not documented their use cases. You have been asked to secure the data warehouse. You need to discover what everyone is doing. What should you do first?

Options:

Use Google Stackdriver Audit Logs to review data access.

Get the identity and access management IIAM) policy of each table

Use Stackdriver Monitoring to see the usage of BigQuery query slots.

Use the Google Cloud Billing API to see what account the warehouse is being billed to.

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Questions 38

Scaling a Cloud Dataproc cluster typically involves ____.

Options:

increasing or decreasing the number of worker nodes

increasing or decreasing the number of master nodes

moving memory to run more applications on a single node

deleting applications from unused nodes periodically

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Questions 39

What is the recommended action to do in order to switch between SSD and HDD storage for your Google Cloud Bigtable instance?

Options:

create a third instance and sync the data from the two storage types via batch jobs

export the data from the existing instance and import the data into a new instance

run parallel instances where one is HDD and the other is SDD

the selection is final and you must resume using the same storage type

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Questions 40

Which row keys are likely to cause a disproportionate number of reads and/or writes on a particular node in a Bigtable cluster (select 2 answers)?

Options:

A sequential numeric ID

A timestamp followed by a stock symbol

A non-sequential numeric ID

A stock symbol followed by a timestamp

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Questions 41

You are developing a software application using Google's Dataflow SDK, and want to use conditional, for loops and other complex programming structures to create a branching pipeline. Which component will be used for the data processing operation?

Options:

PCollection

Transform

Pipeline

Sink API

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Questions 42

Which is the preferred method to use to avoid hotspotting in time series data in Bigtable?

Options:

Field promotion

Randomization

Salting

Hashing

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Questions 43

Which of the following are examples of hyperparameters? (Select 2 answers.)

Options:

Number of hidden layers

Number of nodes in each hidden layer

Biases

Weights

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Questions 44

Flowlogistic’s CEO wants to gain rapid insight into their customer base so his sales team can be better informed in the field. This team is not very technical, so they’ve purchased a visualization tool to simplify the creation of BigQuery reports. However, they’ve been overwhelmed by all thedata in the table, and are spending a lot of money on queries trying to find the data they need. You want to solve their problem in the most cost-effective way. What should you do?

Options:

Export the data into a Google Sheet for virtualization.

Create an additional table with only the necessary columns.

Create a view on the table to present to the virtualization tool.

Create identity and access management (IAM) roles on the appropriate columns, so only they appear in a query.

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Questions 45

Flowlogistic’s management has determined that the current Apache Kafka servers cannot handle the data volume for their real-time inventory tracking system. You need to build a new system on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that will feed the proprietary tracking software. The system must be able to ingest data from a variety of global sources, process and query in real-time, and store the data reliably. Which combination of GCP products should you choose?

Options:

Cloud Pub/Sub, Cloud Dataflow, and Cloud Storage

Cloud Pub/Sub, Cloud Dataflow, and Local SSD

Cloud Pub/Sub, Cloud SQL, and Cloud Storage

Cloud Load Balancing, Cloud Dataflow, and Cloud Storage

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Questions 46

Flowlogistic is rolling out their real-time inventory tracking system. The tracking devices will all send package-tracking messages, which will now go to a single Google Cloud Pub/Sub topic instead of the Apache Kafka cluster. A subscriber application will then process the messages for real-time reporting and store them in Google BigQuery for historical analysis. You want to ensure the package data can be analyzed over time.

Which approach should you take?

Options:

Attach the timestamp on each message in the Cloud Pub/Sub subscriber application as they are received.

Attach the timestamp and Package ID on the outbound message from each publisher device as they are sent to Clod Pub/Sub.

Use the NOW () function in BigQuery to record the event’s time.

Use the automatically generated timestamp from Cloud Pub/Sub to order the data.

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Questions 47

Flowlogistic wants to use Google BigQuery as their primary analysis system, but they still have Apache Hadoop and Spark workloads that they cannot move to BigQuery. Flowlogistic does not know how to store the data that is common to both workloads. What should they do?

Options:

Store the common data in BigQuery as partitioned tables.

Store the common data in BigQuery and expose authorized views.

Store the common data encoded as Avro in Google Cloud Storage.

Store he common data in the HDFS storage for a Google Cloud Dataproc cluster.

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Questions 48

You work for a large fast food restaurant chain with over 400,000 employees. You store employee information in Google BigQuery in a Users table consisting of a FirstName field and a LastName field. A member of IT is building an application and asks you to modify the schema and data in BigQuery so the application can query a FullName field consisting of the value of the FirstName field concatenated with a space, followed by the value of the LastName field for each employee. How can you make that data available while minimizing cost?

Options:

Create a view in BigQuery that concatenates the FirstName and LastName field values to produce the FullName.

Add a new column called FullName to the Users table. Run an UPDATE statement that updates the FullName column for each user with the concatenation of the FirstName and LastName values.

Create a Google Cloud Dataflow job that queries BigQuery for the entire Users table, concatenates the FirstName value and LastName value for each user, and loads the proper values for FirstName, LastName, and FullName into a new table in BigQuery.

Use BigQuery to export the data for the table to a CSV file. Create a Google Cloud Dataproc job to process the CSV file and output a new CSV file containing the proper values for FirstName, LastName and FullName. Run a BigQuery load job to load the new CSV file into BigQuery.

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Questions 49

Your company has recently grown rapidly and now ingesting data at a significantly higher rate than it was previously. You manage the daily batch MapReduce analytics jobs in Apache Hadoop. However, the recent increase in data has meant the batch jobs are falling behind. You were asked to recommend ways the development team could increase the responsiveness of the analytics without increasing costs. What should you recommend they do?

Options:

Rewrite the job in Pig.

Rewrite the job in Apache Spark.

Increase the size of the Hadoop cluster.

Decrease the size of the Hadoop cluster but also rewrite the job in Hive.

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Questions 50

You work for a manufacturing plant that batches application log files together into a single log file once a day at 2:00 AM. You have written a Google Cloud Dataflow job to process that log file. You need to make sure the log file in processed once per day as inexpensively as possible. What should you do?

Options:

Change the processing job to use Google Cloud Dataproc instead.

Manually start the Cloud Dataflow job each morning when you get into the office.

Create a cron job with Google App Engine Cron Service to run the Cloud Dataflow job.

Configure the Cloud Dataflow job as a streaming job so that it processes the log data immediately.

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Questions 51

You work for an economic consulting firm that helps companies identify economic trends as they happen. As part of your analysis, you use Google BigQuery to correlate customer data with the average prices of the 100 most common goods sold, including bread, gasoline, milk, and others. The average prices of these goods are updated every 30 minutes. You want to make sure this data stays up to date so you can combine it with other data in BigQuery as cheaply as possible. What should you do?

Options:

Load the data every 30 minutes into a new partitioned table in BigQuery.

Store and update the data in a regional Google Cloud Storage bucket and create a federated data source in BigQuery

Store the data in Google Cloud Datastore. Use Google Cloud Dataflow to query BigQuery and combine the data programmatically with the data stored in Cloud Datastore

Store the data in a file in a regional Google Cloud Storage bucket. Use Cloud Dataflow to query BigQuery and combine the data programmatically with the data stored in Google Cloud Storage.

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Questions 52

MJTelco needs you to create a schema in Google Bigtable that will allow for the historical analysis of the last 2 years of records. Each record that comes in is sent every 15 minutes, and contains a unique identifier of the device and a data record. The most common query is for all the data for a given device for a given day. Which schema should you use?

Options:

Rowkey: date#device_idColumn data: data_point

Rowkey: dateColumn data: device_id, data_point

Rowkey: device_idColumn data: date, data_point

Rowkey: data_pointColumn data: device_id, date

Rowkey: date#data_pointColumn data: device_id

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Questions 53

You want to use a database of information about tissue samples to classify future tissue samples as either normal or mutated. You are evaluating an unsupervised anomaly detection method for classifying the tissue samples. Which two characteristic support this method? (Choose two.)

Options:

There are very few occurrences of mutations relative to normal samples.

There are roughly equal occurrences of both normal and mutated samples in the database.

You expect future mutations to have different features from the mutated samples in the database.

You expect future mutations to have similar features to the mutated samples in the database.

You already have labels for which samples are mutated and which are normal in the database.

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Questions 54

You are building a model to predict whether or not it will rain on a given day. You have thousands of input features and want to see if you can improve training speed by removing some features while having a minimum effect on model accuracy. What can you do?

Options:

Eliminate features that are highly correlated to the output labels.

Combine highly co-dependent features into one representative feature.

Instead of feeding in each feature individually, average their values in batches of 3.

Remove the features that have null values for more than 50% of the training records.

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Questions 55

Your company’s on-premises Apache Hadoop servers are approaching end-of-life, and IT has decided to migrate the cluster to Google Cloud Dataproc. A like-for-like migration of the cluster would require 50 TB of Google Persistent Disk per node. The CIO is concerned about the cost of using that much block storage. You want to minimize the storage cost of the migration. What should you do?

Options:

Put the data into Google Cloud Storage.

Use preemptible virtual machines (VMs) for the Cloud Dataproc cluster.

Tune the Cloud Dataproc cluster so that there is just enough disk for all data.

Migrate some of the cold data into Google Cloud Storage, and keep only the hot data in Persistent Disk.

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Questions 56

Your company produces 20,000 files every hour. Each data file is formatted as a comma separated values (CSV) file that is less than 4 KB. All files must be ingested on Google Cloud Platform before they can be processed. Your company site has a 200 ms latency to Google Cloud, and your Internet connection bandwidth is limited as 50 Mbps. You currently deploy a secure FTP (SFTP) server on a virtual machine in Google Compute Engine as the data ingestion point. A local SFTP client runs on a dedicated machine to transmit the CSV files as is. The goal is to make reports with data from the previous day available to the executives by 10:00 a.m. each day. This design is barely able to keep up with the current volume, even though the bandwidth utilization is rather low.

You are told that due to seasonality, your company expects the number of files to double for the next three months. Which two actions should you take? (choose two.)

Options:

Introduce data compression for each file to increase the rate file of file transfer.

Contact your internet service provider (ISP) to increase your maximum bandwidth to at least 100 Mbps.

Redesign the data ingestion process to use gsutil tool to send the CSV files to a storage bucket in parallel.

Assemble 1,000 files into a tape archive (TAR) file. Transmit the TAR files instead, and disassemble the CSV files in the cloud upon receiving them.

Create an S3-compatible storage endpoint in your network, and use Google Cloud Storage Transfer Service to transfer on-premices data to the designated storage bucket.

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Questions 57

You are choosing a NoSQL database to handle telemetry data submitted from millions of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The volume of data is growing at 100 TB per year, and each data entry has about 100 attributes. The data processing pipeline does not require atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID). However, high availability and low latency are required.

You need to analyze the data by querying against individual fields. Which three databases meet your requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Redis

HBase

MySQL

MongoDB

Cassandra

HDFS with Hive

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Questions 58

You are designing the database schema for a machine learning-based food ordering service that will predict what users want to eat. Here is some of the information you need to store:

The user profile: What the user likes and doesn’t like to eat

The user account information: Name, address, preferred meal times

The order information: When orders are made, from where, to whom

The database will be used to store all the transactional data of the product. You want to optimize the data schema. Which Google Cloud Platform product should you use?

Options:

BigQuery

Cloud SQL

Cloud Bigtable

Cloud Datastore

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Questions 59

Your company is loading comma-separated values (CSV) files into Google BigQuery. The data is fully imported successfully; however, the imported data is not matching byte-to-byte to the source file. What is the most likely cause of this problem?

Options:

The CSV data loaded in BigQuery is not flagged as CSV.

The CSV data has invalid rows that were skipped on import.

The CSV data loaded in BigQuery is not using BigQuery’s default encoding.

The CSV data has not gone through an ETL phase before loading into BigQuery.

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Questions 60

You are deploying a new storage system for your mobile application, which is a media streaming service. You decide the best fit is Google Cloud Datastore. You have entities with multiple properties, some of which can take on multiple values. For example, in the entity ‘Movie’ the property ‘actors’ and the property ‘tags’ have multiple values but the property ‘date released’ does not. A typical query would ask for all movies with actor= ordered by date_released or all movies with tag=Comedy ordered by date_released. How should you avoid a combinatorial explosion in the number of indexes?

Options:

Option A

Option B.

Option C

Option D

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Exam Code: Professional-Data-Engineer

Exam Name: Google Professional Data Engineer Exam

Last Update: Feb 15, 2026

Questions: 400

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