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The responsibility of first responders does not include shutting down or rebooting the victim’s computer as a measure to preserve temporary and fragile evidence. In fact, such actions can potentially alter or destroy volatile data that could be crucial for the investigation. The primary responsibilities of first responders include protecting and identifying the crime scene, and ensuring the preservation of evidence in its original state as much as possible, which may involve isolating affected systems from the network but not necessarily shutting them down or rebooting them without proper forensic readiness and consideration.

When malware moves from the delivery stage to the exploitation stage in the cyber kill chain, its objective often shifts to identifying exploitable vulnerabilities within the targeted system. A port scan is a technique used to discover services that are listening on ports within a system. By scanning the system's ports, the malware can identify open ports and the services running on them, providing valuable information about potential entry points for further exploitation. This type of reconnaissance attack is aimed at gathering intelligence on the target system's network services, which can then be reported back to a command and control center for further malicious activity planning.

Port scanning is more relevant than IP range sweeps, packet sniffing, or session hijacking for identifying useful services on a system because it directly targets the discovery of accessible network services and their corresponding ports. While the other methods can also be part of the reconnaissance phase, they serve different purposes: IP range sweeps aim to identify active IP addresses, packet sniffing intercepts data packets to gather information, and session hijacking involves taking over a valid user session. In contrast, port scanning is specifically designed to enumerate services that could be exploited.

References:The ECIH v3 certification materials discuss various reconnaissance techniques used by attackers, including port scanning, as part of the exploitation stage of the kill chain. Understanding these techniques is crucial for incident handlers in identifying how attackers gather information and plan their attacks.

The first step in securing an employee's account following an email hacking incident involves restoring access to the email services if necessary and immediately changing the password to prevent unauthorized access. This action ensures that the attacker is locked out of the account as quickly as possible. While enabling two-factor authentication, scanning links and attachments, and disabling automatic file sharing are important security measures, they come into play after ensuring that the compromised account is first secured by changing its password to halt any ongoing unauthorized access.References:The ECIH v3 certification materials cover the initial steps to be taken when responding to incidents involving compromised accounts, emphasizing the importance of quickly changing passwords to secure the accounts against further unauthorized access.