The statement that best describes the scaling stage of the application life cycle is the application adjusts its capacity. Scaling is the process of increasing or decreasing the number of resources allocated to an application based on the demand and performance1. Scaling can be done manually or automatically using policies and metrics1. The other statements do not describe the scaling stage, but rather other stages of the application life cycle. The periodic upgrade of the service is part of the maintenance stage, which ensures the reliability and security of the application2. The deployment of the application over the infrastructure is part of the installation stage, which involves the configuration and activation of the application2. The termination and freeing of associated resources is part of the decommissioning stage, which removes the application from the network2. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 23 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 10

 A logical space in the host’s operating system and B. Is in an isolated environment. A container is a software package that bundles an application and its dependencies, and runs as an isolated process in the host’s operating system1. Containers are lightweight, portable, and scalable, and can be deployed on any cloud infrastructure2. Unlike virtual machines (VMs), containers do not need a separate operating system or hypervisor, and share the kernel of the host3. However, containers have limited access to resources, as they are restricted by the host’s capabilities and the container runtime4. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.2: Cloud Virtualization 2: Nokia Container Services, Overview 3: Nokia Cloud Platform, Overview 4: Containers vs. virtual machines: What’s the difference?, Comparison

 Hyperscale computing relies on scalable server architecture. This is true because hyperscale computing is a type of cloud computing that aims to provide massive scalability, performance, and efficiency for large-scale applications and data processing1. Hyperscale computing requires a scalable server architecture that can support thousands or millions of servers that are interconnected by high-speed networks2. Scalable server architecture enables hyperscale computing to handle increasing workloads, optimize resource utilization, and reduce operational costs3. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.1: Industry Trends in Data Center Hardware 2: How Nokia Bell Labs’ new serverless computing design will take cloud computing to the next level4 3: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks1